Emergency Preparedness Is A Topic All Childcare Employees...

Emergency preparedness is a topic all childcare employees should know and have a very strong understanding about. All cities have different types of emergencies and they each come with their own consequences. For example Kamloops has fifty two different emergency events, and each one has a proper way of handling it and the wrong way. That is why every person in the child care system or working with children should have an understanding of how to react and what to do in each emergency. While working with children there is a way of approaching problems. Since children follow after other and learn from the peres around them, it is very important that the adults that is in charge act in a mature manner and is prepared for any circumstance that comes. Kamloops has too many possible events to be ready for, thankful the childcare system has prepared protocol for most of them and already have plans set for daycares, pre-schools and schools. So all their educators and employees need is to know them and know how to handle the problem in the time being. All workplaces should be prepared for any problem that approaches them. Some of the common emergencies that happen in Kamloops are; floods, fires, windstorms, snowstorms, power outage and weapon threats or shootings. Although that is not all of them they are the major ones and the ones that will strongly affect children. The most important part of any emergency is making sure the children know how to react in the emergency and whatShow MoreRelatedSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 Pagesinformation for correspondence or meetings. Purpose A brief statement that outlines the purpose of the SOP, describing its function, applicability, and objective. Summary A few sentences summarizing the content. Though placed near the beginning, it should be composed last. Scope To whom the SOP applies, and possibly under what conditions or circumstances. Definitions Sometimes needed to explain terms new to readers or to interpret acronyms. Responsibilities Brief, descriptive sentences telling exactlyRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesinteractive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! Collaborate withRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesI 111TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. R. 3962 To provide affordable, quality health care for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OCTOBER 29, 2009 Mr. DINGELL (for himself, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California, Mr. STARK, Mr. PALLONE, and Mr. ANDREWS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Education

Summary Of Night By Elie Wiesel - 2168 Words

â€Å"I would tell him that I have tried. That I have tried to keep memory alive, that I have tried to fight those who would forget. Because if we forget, we are guilty, we are accomplices,† Elie Wiesel tells his former self (118). Wiesel has dedicated a majority of his future to fighting against the world’s silence with lessons such as these found in his memoir, Night. Even after undergoing the mass genocide called the Holocaust and hearing of the experiences from one of the victims himself, the world has fallen into a time of suffering yet again. Today, North Korea’s line of oppressive rulers practice their absolute control on Korean lives just as the Nazi’s oppressed the Jews. Following the second World War, the Korean War took place resulting in the country splitting in two: communist North Korea, or the Korean Worker’s Party, and democratic South Korea, or People’s Republic of Korea. This event began the brutal reign of the Kim family, c onsisting of Kim Ill-sung, Kim Jong-ill, and Kim Jong-un, on North Korea. For three generations, North Koreans were burdened with decades of torture, starvation, and manipulation. Now, the world is seemingly turning its eyes away from North Korea and labeling it a lost cause. There is little hope in store for these Koreans as Kim Jong-un expands his control globally with a new force of destruction: nuclear weapons. Similar to the concentration camps depicted in Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night, the people of North Korea continue to face oppressionShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1773 Words   |  8 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel Chapter Summary and Analysis Chapter 1 Sighet, Hungary Main Character - Elie Wiesel Son Romanian His father is a shopkeeper Has 3 sisters One of them is younger Two of them are older Jewish Scholar of sorts (loves to learn) Hasidic Judaism (super jewish) (with all the tassels and strict rules about eating) Studies the jewish mysticisms What they call the talmud the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. There are twoRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1289 Words   |  6 PagesA Loss in Faith, Ever Found? Night, written by Elie Wiesel, tells the terrifying experience in the concentration camps that many Jews were imprisoned in during World War II. Throughout most of the novel, Elie Wiesel tells about how many prisoners, including himself, lost faith in God. During the Holocaust many groups of people, especially Jews, were taken to concentrations camps and treated in the most inhumane way. Many were taken away from their homes, and lost everything that was once their ownRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1670 Words   |  7 Pagesa required book to read. My sister in law, whom is a History major, had the privilege of meeting Elie Wiesel’s in High School and was lucky enough to receive and autographed version of his book. She told me how emotional is was hearing him talk about his experiences in person, being physically next to someone and hearing them relive their terrible experiences. Night is an autobiography written by Elie Wiesel’s about his horrific experienc e as a prisoner in World War II living in a concentration campRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel757 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Giacona Dr. Berg EUH 1001-01Z 1 May. 2016 Essay on Night Have you ever had to make an instant decision that would significantly impact your life? I certainly had to make some quick decisions and I’m sure you as well had to make some impactful choices. This is exactly what Elie Wiesel was forced to do when it came down to a life or death situation. There are 3 decisions that I had come across that I thought would be important if I was in Elie’s position to make a sacrificial or crucial decisionsRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1542 Words   |  7 PagesKeandre Santiago Mr. Roe English 4 CP Book Report Part 1 Title: Night Author: Elie Wiesel Number of pages:120 Where published: Buenos Aires Copyright date:1972 Setting (time and place): Early 1940s, during World War Two, Holocaust era. starting in Sighet, Transylvania, and moving throughout concentration camps in Europe. Type of book: Holocaust autobiography I would describe the main character Eliezer as polluted. His innocence as a child was stolen. his beliefs that were fueled by his curiosityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn the memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, Elie Wiesel is a young boy who struggles to survive after being forced to live in the brutal concentration camp of Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, death and suffering is rampant, but due to compassionate words and actions from others, Elie is able to withstand these severe living conditions and overcome the risk of death in the unforgiving Auschwitz. As shown through the actions and words of characters in Night, compassion, the sympathetic pity for the suffering or misfortuneRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1087 Words   |  5 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wiesel’s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, thisRead MoreElie Wiesel And Oskar Schindler And Schindlers List768 Words   |  4 PagesMillions of Jews died in world war 2 millions of innocent lives perished one of the darkest chapters in human history. At Auschwitz alone, more than 2 million Jews were murdered (history.com). To begin, Night published by Elie Wiesel, the summary of night, Jews were being sent to concentration camps to work and be safe during the war. the Jews were tortured and killed by the s.s soldiers. The Jews were liberated by the red army at the end of the war. Secondly, Schindler’s List Directed by StevenRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel842 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes of Night and the imagery that the author, Elie Wiesel, uses to create them. The themes we will discuss are identity, silence, and night. !!!About the Book If you were an observant Jew who believed in a loving God, then you and your family were captured by a group of ill-intentioned people, causing the death of your family, what would you think about whether God and humans are good or not? That is the main concern of Eliezer, the main character in Night. Night was writtenRead MoreNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank The Holocaust was the most horrific time that man has known. To survive this atrocity, the Holocaust victims man upon man atrocity, one had to summon bravery, strength, courage, and wisdom that many did not know they possessed. One survivor is Elie Wiesel, whose exquisite writings have revealed the world of horror suffered by the Jewish people. Elie Wiesels statement, ...to remain silent and indifferent is the greatest sin of all...

Nuclear Forces, Policies, and Weapons Free Essays

The Federation of American Scientists has created the â€Å"Nuclear Forces† website, which contains interesting information on nuclear topics. Probably, the aim of creating such website was in making people aware of nuclear policies and nuclear threats in the world. Accessing the website means accessing the information and links to nuclear guides of several countries (Iran, North Korea, Ukraine, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Forces, Policies, and Weapons or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). It is crucial to pay attention to the website sources and resources, when its content is analyzed. The website provides the links to the two summary tables – nuclear weapons capabilities and special weapons capabilities. Objectively, it is rather difficult and problematic for the non-specialist to analyze the table of nuclear weapons capabilities. These difficulties are connected with the complex structure of the table. Simultaneously, the summary of the special weapons capabilities provides comprehensive information about the countries, which possess and can utilize the weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, biological, etc.). The table seems to lack any relevant or peer reviewed references, this is why it can hardly be used as the source of professional research. The website also provides the links to the Nuclear Notebook (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists), Nuclear Facts and Figures, etc. The information found on this website can become a starting point of any research in the area of nuclear forces, policies, or weapons. Its data can become a valuable source of information, but professional researchers should approach it very critically. This does not mean that the information is misleading. One may recommend including peer-reviewed publications into the website content. This will add professionalism to the website in general. Information on the website is organized so that it should be easily accessed and read. However, some links are outdated and require being either updated or deleted at all. In the world where nuclear technologies are updated daily, the content of such websites also requires regular reviews. Otherwise, this information will lose its relevance and utility. References Federation of American Scientists. Nuclear forces guide. Retrieved 07 January 2008 from http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/                                                       How to cite Nuclear Forces, Policies, and Weapons, Essay examples

Compare The Whole Towns Sleeping with A Terribly Strange Bed Essay Example For Students

Compare The Whole Towns Sleeping with A Terribly Strange Bed Essay There are many similarities between the two stories The Whole Towns Sleeping and A Terribly Strange Bed. The most noticeable of these being the thriller genre which they both share, and in the way they both create a feeling of tension and suspense throughout, especially towards the climax. They also both deal with the subject of murder or attempted murder, and the main characters of both stories are quite similar, as they both find themselves in these strange situations through a certain degree of their own doing; with The Whole Towns Sleeping main character, Lavinia Nebbs, this is because she had refused the help of her friends and decided to walk home on her own, and with A Terribly Strange Beds main character, it is because of his consistent luck in gambling, which flares up the jealousy of on-lookers. However, there are differences as well as similarities, as while TWTS is a third-person narrative which features a female main character and a cliff-hanger ending, ATSB is the complete opposite; a story told through the first-person, with a male character and all the loose ends tied up at the end of the story we can tell this from the very beginning as the narrator is obviously looking back on something he has experienced a long time ago. Also, while they both do successfully build up tension and suspense, they achieve this in different ways. The Whole Towns Sleeping uses repetition and short descriptions, safe, safe, safe, where as A Terribly Strange Bed uses long descriptions to increase the drama. Also, the pace of The Whole Towns Sleeping is fast and furious, unlike A Terribly Strange Bed, where the pace of the story is slow and frustrating as more and more tension is built up. There is also different feelings of tension and suspense from the readers part right from the beginning, as in TWTS, the tension and suspense is built up around if Lavinia survives, and in ATSB, as we already know the main character makes is out alive, the tension is based more upon how he escapes that if he escapes. The Whole Towns Sleeping begins to build up tension from the very beginning by describing a barren location, seemingly in the middle of nowhere, to set the scene of fright that the story is based upon. It was a warm summer night in the middle of Illinois country. The little town was deep far away from everything, kept to itself by a river and a forest and a ravine. This creates the feeling of isolation that Lavinia feels herself later on in the story, and that the name The Lonely One suggests. The scene continues to be set in the next few lines; The stores were closing and the streets were turning dark. There were two moons: a clock moon with four faces in four night directions above the solemn black courthouse, and the real moon that was slowly rising in vanilla whiteness from the dark east. This emphasises the slow change of day to night that is occurring, and sets the scene for this quaint little town to become the scene of terror, fear and murder. A Terribly Strange Bed begins completely differently in that instead of setting the scene for the events that will happen, it begins almost biographically as the narrator describes his life around the time the story is set, in order to give as a clearer indication as to how the main character gets himself into this situation that is about to befall him. As opposed to TWTS, the tension and drama of A Terribly Strange Bed does not begin until well into the story. However, despite there being a feeling of fear and suspense from the very beginning of The Whole Towns Sleeping, it only really begins to have a strong effect when Lavinia beings to walk home on her own. Lavinia Nebbs walked down the midnight street, down the late summer night silence. She saw the houses with their dark and far away she heard a dog barking. The fact that she is clearly hearing noises from afar gives the reader a clear indication of how quiet and deserted the little town really is, and the isolation that Lavinia must be feeling as she takes the long walk home. However, Lavinia gives the impression that it does not bother her to be on her own walking through a pitch black street. In five minutes, she thought, Ill be safe home. In five minutes Ill be phoning silly little Francine. But she is clearly nervy when she hears a male voice, as it cuts her off mid-sentence, and forces her to walk faster. Ill -. She heard a mans voice singing far away among the trees. She walked a little faster. Later on, the writer uses suspense to build tension. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine steps, she whispered. She felt she was running, but she was not running. From this you can tell that the writer is trying to give the impression that Lavinia just wants the whole ordeal to be over with, hence the fact she feels she is running down the stairs when she is actually only walking. The suspense in continued in the next few lines. Mr. Collins: Character Review EssaySafe, oh safe, safe, home, so good, so good, safe. Safe inside, the door locked. There is a lot of repetition of the word safe here, perhaps an indication that, as before, Lavinia is trying to convince herself that she is something shes not. Finally, in the last paragraph, it seems that both Lavinia and the reader are assured of safety. Wait. Look out the window. She looked. She gazed out of the window for a full half-minute. Why theres nothing there at all! Nobody! There was no one following at all. Nobody running after me. She caught her breath and almost laughed at herself. It stands to reason. If a man had been following me, hed have caught me. Im not a fast runner. Theres no one on the porch or in the yard. How silly of me. I wasnt running from anything except me. That ravine was safer than safe. Just the same, though, its nice to be home. Homes the really good warm safe place, the only place to be. The amount of tension in the story has finally calmed down, as soon as Lavinia felt safe, she studied the facts and made the conclusion that her fear was for no reason whatsoever, she was being paranoid and even saw the funny side of it. Then comes the climax. She put her hand put to the light switch and stopped. What? she asked. What? What? Behind her, in the black living-room, someone cleared his throat After all the build up to the climax, all the fear and terror that Lavinia described she was suffering, after all that, very little is explained. However, having read how Lavinia has felt on her frightful journey, the reader has their own ideas as to who the person clearing their throat is perhaps the most popular idea being that it is indeed the Lonely One but who is the Lonely one? Officer Kennedy? Tom? It is this cliff-hanger ending that will leave the reader making conclusions for days as to what happens next, so despite the whole story being well written, it is perhaps the final line that contributes to it being remembered for a long time more than the rest of the story put together. As mentioned above a few times, there are many differences between the two stories, but there are also similarities. For instance, when the bed begins descending and Faulkner cannot move in A Terribly Strange Bed, he begins, in a way, to talk to himself, just as Lavinia had done in TWTS. Was the bed moving? I turned on my back and looked up. Was I mad? Drunk? Dreaming? Giddy again? Or was the top of the bed really moving down-sinking slowly, regularly, silently, horribly, right down throughout the whole of its length and breadth-right down upon me, as I lay underneath? He obviously cannot believe what is happening, which is the reason he is asking himself all of these questions an attempt to shed light on the situation. The pace of the story is generally a lot quicker that that of The Whole Towns Sleeping, this is evident in the many short, fragmented sentences; I looked up, motionless, speechless, breathless. The candle, fully spent, went out; but the moonlight still brightened the room. Down and down, without pausing and without sounding, came the bed-top, and still my panic-terror seemed to bind me faster and faster to the mattress on which I lay-down and down it sank, till the dusty odour from the lining of the canopy came stealing into my nostrils There is a total of ten commas and full-stops in that short piece of text, the short sentences created by these really build up the readers tension quickly and powerfully, in the same way that Faulkners fear must be building up. So, its obvious that the biggest difference between the two texts is how different sentence lengths are used to create two different speeds, A Terribly Strange Bed being the quicker of the two stories. The biggest similarity between the two will have to be the situations that the two main characters find themselves in. They are both situations of fear, suspense and anxiety as neither of the two characters know what is around the corner, or what is about to happen to them. Overall, I think I preferred A Terribly Strange Bed to The Whole Towns Sleeping. The main reason being that I think TWTS tended to drag on a bit too much when describing a situation. As detailed as this was, I felt it was needless, and felt the situations in A Terribly Strange Bed were described well enough is short, sharp sentences. I also felt the quick pace if ATSB made it more exciting than TWTS.

Study of Asthma

Introduction Asthma is one of the endemic diseases in the US and developing countries. Although asthma affects individuals of all ages, infants and teenagers are more susceptible to it than adults. Asthma is a respiratory disorder that causes inflammation of the respiratory system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Study of Asthma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of its common symptoms include breathing difficulties, chronic coughs, and chest pains. Asthma is one of the major factors that hinder children from attending school regularly. It also causes sleeping difficulties in children. This essay discusses the measures that can be taken to mitigate environmental causes of asthma. Ecological Causes of Asthma There are many factors that cause asthmatic conditions. However, environmental degradation is the primary cause of asthma in children. Generally, children inhale more air, consume more food, and imbibe more fluid than adults. They also have a weak respiratory system and immunity compared to adults. Children can be exposed to several ecological hazards at home and school. Thus, they are more vulnerable to environmental causes of asthma than adults are. Children exposed to the following environmental hazards can develop asthmatic conditions. There is a considerable proof that environmental hazards such as viruses and allergens can cause asthma. â€Å"Indoor airborne allergens are often produced by house dust mines, cockroaches, and animal fur†. Smoking of cigarettes in poorly ventilated houses can cause asthma. Furthermore, outdoor air toxins such as ozone, allergens, and smouldering firewood can cause asthmatic conditions. Control of Environmental Asthma in the US In the US, the government has developed a comprehensive strategy to mitigate environmental causes of asthmatic conditions in children. This strategy encompasses various interventions aimed at ensuring that children are safe from environmental hazards that cause asthma.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government has been funding research activities aimed at finding out the major causes of asthma. Through research activities, the government has developed comprehensive measures to mitigate environmental hazards. For instance, public institutions, social amenities, and residential properties must be properly constructed and maintained to reduce environmental hazards such as air pollution and allergens. Smoking in public is prohibited by the government to prevent unnecessary air pollution. Moreover, public health officials in the US have introduced community health based programmes aimed at creating awareness on the ecological causes of asthma. This project involves educating local communities on the importance of sanitation in residential areas. For instance, parents have been advised to ens ure that their children play in environmentally safe places. In addition, parents have been advised not to smoke indoors. Recommendations to Reduce Asthma Globally Current research findings in the US indicate that prevalence of asthma has reduced significantly due to proper implementation of community based asthma eradication programs. Consequently, other countries should develop clear-cut strategies to mitigate prevalence of asthma. Environmental degradation can be mitigated through enactment and implementation of stringent laws. For instance, smoking should not be allowed in public because it leads to air pollution. Moreover, community based programs should be introduced to create awareness on causes of asthma. Such campaigns can mitigate the prevalence of asthma in the world. Nonetheless, asthma eradication projects may require many resources. This challenge can be overcome through fund raising initiatives. Conclusion This essay has revealed that asthma is a serious health challe nge in many countries due to environmental degradation. Nonetheless, prevalence of asthma can be mitigated through reduction of environmental pollution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Study of Asthma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References American Lung Association. (2003). Trends in asthma morbidity and mortality. New York: Sage. Institute of Medicine. (2000). Clearing the air: Asthma and indoor air exposures. New York: National Academy Press. Oatman, L. (2007). Reducing environmental triggers of asthma in homes of minnesota children. Minnesota: Minnesota Department of Health. This essay on Study of Asthma was written and submitted by user Zariah Richard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom The Great Schism essay

buy custom The Great Schism essay The great schism is widely believed to be a great rift that separated the church into two, Eastern Orthodox and Western Roman Catholic, during the period of the great Roman Empire. Nonetheless, the term cannot be conclusively examined without studying the subsequent rift that occurred in the Roman Catholic and the resulting growth of the English and French empire as a result of this rift. There are many events which contributed to the great schism and there continues a lively debate on whether it could have been avoided. In addition, there are many players whose actions aided in the schism among them Pope Boniface VIII, Phillip IV and the Avignon Papacy. Above the people and events that led to the schism, there existed matters other factors like geography, doctrinal issues, political considerations and economical matters which provided a fertile ground for the great schism. Yet there were efforts through out history to reconcile the different factions of the church and these efforts still continue even to today. It is therefore possible to say that the major reasons for the great schism were political, doctrinal differences and the Avignon papacy. Phillip IV Phillip IV also known as Phillip the fair is one of the greatest French Kings to have sat on the French throne. But his greatness is not because of his possession of great virtue for he was not a virtuous king. He was daring and is regarded as having being capable of doing anything for the sake of increasing his wealth. His lust for money was so great that he ordered the kidnapping of the pope for his role in questioning the conduct of the French King. How did the French King aid in bringing about the second schism which tore apart he Roman church? Traditionally, the papacy seat was based in Rome which was the recognized capital of the Roman Empire. The term recognized has been used since one of the Roman emperors, Emperor Constantine, built hisown capital at Constantinople. However, Phillip knew the kind of wealth and power he could wiled if he could control the papacy and the entire church by extension. He was a man known to use the wealth of others for his own means and was ready to kill or imprison others to possess their wealth. Phillip schemed to have one of his allies installed as Pope. He did this by using his considerable power as a French King to have the Vatican appoint as many French cardinals as there were Italian cardinals. He then used bribery and threats to have Pope Clement V elected as pope even though Italians had wanted to have one of their cardinals elected. He then went out of his ways to convince the new pope that Rome was not safe for him and this resulted in the new pope refusing to take residence at the Vatican. Instead, he moved the papacy to Avignon and thus began a line of popes who did not take residence at the Vatican. Popes whose influences were greatly compromised by the French throne that the rest of the catholic world lost faith in the Avignon papacy and installed another Pope in Rome. Pope Boniface VIII Pope Boniface was the second the last pope before the papacy was moved to Avignon France in what has come to be referred to as the Babylonian Captivity. There is no doubt that the French King, Phillip IV, had a great part to do with the occurrence o the great schism. What moist might not realize is that his role might have resulted in the willfulness of pope Boniface VIII and his great criticism of the kings conduct. This led Phillip to order the kidnapping of Pope Boniface VIII where he was beaten up to the extent that he died only a few days after his escape. This after the pope had criticized the French King and called upon him to respect the supremacy of the Papacy over the sovereign power of kings. The ability of a king to ignore the rulings of a pope and have him arrested reduced the powers of a pope considerrably and increased Phillips power to influence the church in the future. This criticism might have made the French King decide it was better for him to avoid the election of another pope who would constantly try to undermine his power over country and church. Avignon Papacy The Avignon Papacy as mentioned in earlier parts of the paper refers to the period where the papacy resided in Avignon and not Rome. This paper has made it clear the circumstance through which the pope ended up serving at Avignon and this part looks at how this contributed to the great schism. Most non French cardinals were not happy with Clementss refusal to reside and preside at the Vatican. The Avignon Papacy also reduced most powers and privileges enjoyed by cardinals before then. This led the other cardinals to denounce the Avignon based papacy and elected one of their own as pope residing at the Vatican. This created a division in the Roman Catholic with people and nations aligning themselves to the pope who better served their interests. This was a period where different factions created separate doctrines and issues relating to the conduct of the clergy and the relationship of the state and church. While the Avignon Papacy came to an end a few decades later, the rift that was created in this period never fully healed and resulted to further subsequent splits in later years. Conclusion The great schism is credited with the split of the church and the several revisions in doctrines, church practices and the relationship between church and state that resulted. There are many who played a huge role in the schism that has not been mentioned here. But the politicians of the time had an immense role in the great schism at all stages. Only time will tell whether reconciliation is possible among the different factions of the church and if the great schism can be healed. Buy custom The Great Schism essay

Clostridium difficile infection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Clostridium difficile infection - Essay Example difficile infection, 2013). C. difficile bacteria are present in soil, water, air, processed food including meat, animal and human feces. It gets to the body through feces when people don’t wash their hands or touch anything contaminated. Although intestine has millions of helpful bacteria but use of antibiotics actually destroys some of them which subsequently increases the harmful functionality of C. difficile (Diseases and Conditions: C. difficile infection, 2013). Here, patients may lose hydration and need to be hospitalized. The colon tends to become inflamed which subsequently form raw tissue patches. These patches are also subject to bleeding and pus release. Additionally it might have following symptoms: In few circumstances the doctor might examine the interior colon so as to confirm C. difficile infection. Colonoscopy is usually used for this purpose in which a small tube with camera is inserted into the colon to analyze inflamed and affected areas. When C. difficile infection is identified then antibiotics which incited the infection should be stopped immediately. However, this is not possible in every case hence it is most appropriate to use other antibiotics which do not strengthen the activity of bacterium. Moreover, the antidiarrheal medicines should not be used for treating this infection because these can initiate toxic megacolon. If patients are having severe abdominal pain and fever then Vancomycin is best suitable for them (C. difficile Infection, 2012). Antibiotics should be used with extensive care (Stopping C. difficile Infections, 2012). Moreover, physicians should remain careful about the symptoms of C. difficile infection so as to take immediate actions. Community service programs and control recommendations can also help in tackling with the disease and its severe consequences. Adults, patients and medical professionals should be well aware about the disease and its

Discuss the usefulness and problems with contingency theories in Essay

Discuss the usefulness and problems with contingency theories in understanding organisational structure. How relevant can they b - Essay Example It is relevant to consider development of contingency theory and its application to organizational structure in order organizations’ managers had an opportunity to develop flexible approaches to organizational structural development. Therefore, contingency theory is an alternative for organizations looking for solution of their current problems and tending to structural changes. A basic conceptual framework of contingency theory is a phrase â€Å"it depends† (Donaldson, 2001). Therefore, any managerial solution should be made with regard to the external factors of a certain situation in an organization. Moreover, a great role in establishing organizational structure plays nature of the environment of organization. In accordance with the contingency theory: â€Å"there is no one best way to organize; any way of organizing is not equally effective† (Galbraith, 1973). In case a perfect relation between nature of organization, external environment and organizational characteristics is established, an organization is on the right way to performance. Such kind of match is called a ‘contingency theory’ or ‘contingency perspective/view’ (Donaldson, 2001). Studies of organizational structures in relation to external conditions of organizations’ operation resulted in studies based on the contingency theory. ... In the study made by Burns and Stalker (1961) mechanistic and organic principles of organizations were discussed. In organizations, where mechanistic principles prevailed, top managers developed a policy. Such kind of organizations was characterized by inflexible policies and rigid decision making. Luthans (1973) develops the idea of relation of contingency theory to management theory. Before theory developed by Luthans management theories were not related to each other. For example, process theory was based on planning, organizing, directing, and controlling (Donaldson, 1996). In order to find a perfect balance between management theories, contingency theory was a unifying approach defining interrelatedness and mutual dependence of all integrative parts of management theories. This approach was broadened and resulted in a â€Å"theoretical model of Structural Adaptation to Regain Fit (SARFIT)† (Donaldson, 1987, 2001). This model can be interpreted in the following manner: in case an organization finds a best relation between internal and external resources, it reaches high performance levels. It is a right way to reach size growth, introduce innovations and diversification (Hamilton and Shergill, 1992). Contingency variables may lead to organizational misfit to external factors. As a result, levels of performance are decreased and structural changes are introduced (Chandler, 1962). SARFIT theory implies consideration of structural contingency theory as relation between divisionalization changes and strategic changes. Bums and Stalker (1961) are focused on â€Å"discussion about changes in mechanistic and organic structures with regard to technological and market change in the external conditions† (Bums and Stalker, 1961).

Hidden Job Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hidden Job Market - Research Paper Example The strategies I have come up effective given that it is consistent with the â€Å"push†, â€Å"pull† and â€Å"maintain†. Push is a strategy that is job seekers use to reach out socially to other people who can help them acquire new skills that will ultimately give them employment opportunities (Levinson & Perry, 2011). With this strategy in mind, I intend to take part in voluntary activities that will give me an opportunity to acquire new skills and information. Employees look for skills and other attributes in graduates. Through volunteering in my areas of specialization, I am confident that I will acquire new skills through hands on approach. Another advantage of volunteering is equipping me with the necessary knowledge of my field through my interaction with other workers during the volunteering period. When others are seeking jobs when they lack the necessary skills, I am hopeful that volunteering will help me bridge my knowledge gap. Pull is another strategy that I intend to use in enabling myself to be visible before employers. In a scenario, where many people are competing for the attention of employers, developing an interest in employers is crucial (Bruce, 1993). With pull strategy, individuals make themselves visible by employing different strategies that make them attract employment. With more employers preferring to use social networks to look for employers, I believe that signing up with social websites like LinkedIn is paramount. Upon signing up with LinkedIn, I will create a profile that will list all my skills and qualification. I hope that this will enable employers view my details when they are searching for employees using keywords such as profession or experience. With more employers preferring to use sites as LinkedIn, I am confident that I will be able to catch the eyes of some employers looking for qualified graduates. Maintaining a network of friends and professionals is one of the best strategies that one can use

The Cold War An Introduction History Essay

The Cold War An Introduction History Essay The Cold war is a period of sustained political and military duress and unrest between the Western Superpowers, viz. The USA Of America , and its NATO allies , and the  communist world, led by the erstwhile  Soviet Union, its  satellite states and allies 1947 1991. It occurred post the 2nd world war, and was a mixture of religious crusade in favour of one ideology or the other, and of the most ruthless power politics, striking out for advantage or expansion not only in Europe but all over the world.  [1]   The war was cold only in that the USA and USSR never fought each other in a direct military confrontation, but both superpowers threatened each o with  nuclear annihilation  and participated frequently in proxy wars by supporting allied nations in numerous hot wars in places like  Korean,  Vietnam), and  Angola. The Cold War defined both countries foreign policies through the second half of the twentieth century, as Americans and Soviets competed for allies to maintain and widen their respective spheres of influence around the world. Each side viewed the Cold War as a battle between civilizations; in the worldwide clash between American capitalism and Soviet Communism, only one could prevail. For more than forty years, the Soviet-American conflict hung heavy over global affairs, shaping the world with massive  military buildups, a never-ending  nuclear arms race, intensive  espionage, and fierce  technological competition  as each side tried to gain the upper hand in preparation for the thermonuclear hot war  all humans feared would someday come.  [2]   The causes of the Cold War. We can divide the causes of the Cold War into two types of causes viz. The underlying causes and the immediate causes. The Underlying Causes are :- (i) Ideological Causes: The USA and the Soviet Union represent two opposing systems of government. In the USA, the government is elected by free elections i.e. the people can form political parties to voice their political opinions. They also possess the right of assembly, of speech and of the press. In the Soviet Union, the government is formed by the Communist Party. The people do not have the right to form their own political parties. They do not enjoy the right of assembly, of speech and of the press. Since these two systems of government are diametrically opposed to one another, there can be little compromise between the USA and the Soviet Union. (ii) Economic Causes: The USA wanted to encourage free trade throughout the world and the USSR wanted to shield off its own sphere from international commerce. Russia feared that trade with the West would involve the risk of Russia being opened to western influences which would have eroded the strength of the totalitarian regime. These differences led to much ill feeling between the USA and the USSR. Immediate Causes of Cold war: Incipient conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States began at the peace-time conferences. Their conflict was intensified after President Truman declared the Truman Doctrine and launched the Marshall Plan in 1947. (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe: Even before the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union had gradually extended its influence in Europe. By 1944, it controlled a large part of Eastern Europe. By 1945, at the Yalta Conference, the Soviet Union obtained the Curzon Line as its new boundary line with Poland and also gained control of the eastern part of Germany. As the war was drawing to a close in May 1945, the Soviet Union quickly consolidated its control of eastern Europe. (ii) The reactions of the United States: Despite the increasing Russian influence in eastern and central Europe, many politicians in the United States were optimistic about the chances of co-operation with the Soviet Union after the war and did not advocate strong resistance against Russian expansion. But from May 1945 onwards, the situation was changed. The U.S. government favoured a policy of strong resistance against Russia. This was because President Roosevelt -who was optimistic, believed that though eastern Europe had fallen under the influence of Russia, Russia would keep its promise made at Yalta by setting up freely elected parliamentary governments in the area and so did not advocate strong resistance against Russian expansion- died on April 12, 1945. He was succeeded by Harry S. Truman who was a complete contrast to Roosevelt. He did not believe the communists. He thought that the communists would not set up democratic governments in Eastern Europe. He also believed that after the Soviet Union had established its control in Eastern Europe, it would continue to extend its influence into Western Europe. Thus President Truman favoured a policy of strong resistance against Russian expansion. The  second reason  was that just before the Potsdam Conference was to take place, the United States had successfully exploded its atomic bomb. President Truman thought that since the United States alone possessed the atomic bomb, it could adopt a stiff attitude towards Russian expansion in Europe. The  third reason  was that President Truman was disgusted at the non-co-operative attitude of the Russians at the Potsdam Conference where Russia was determined to exact heavy reparations from Germany. Russia also accused the British of upholding a reactionary monarchy in Greece and supporting an Italian Fascist regime in Trieste. Stalin also blocked Trumans proposal on the internationalization of all principal waterways. (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union: The deteriorating relations between the Soviet Union  and the United States were reflected in two minor incidents in the year. Land-Lease was abruptly terminated by the United States and the Russian request for American economic aid for the purposes of post-war reconstruction was ignored by the government of the United States.  (During the Second World War, the U.S. supplied much war material to the Allied nations through a Lend and Lease programme. As the Lend and Lease programme was suddenly stopped, the war-ravaged Soviet Union could not obtain American material support to help its post-war economic reconstruction.) The poor relations between the East and West were also reflected in a speech by Churchill. In March 1946, Churchill made a speech at Fulton, Missouri in which he said, From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent . Behind that line lie all the capitals of the central and eastern Europe all are subject in one form or another to not only to Soviet influence but also to a very high and increasing control from Moscow.  [3]   (iii) End of World War II and events leading up to the Cold War Once the World War II ended, it was obvious that the alliance between USA, Britain, and USSR would end, as there were tension between the west and the east. The USSR joined the allied forces only after Hitler betrayed them. Also, the huge difference in their political and economic ideologies would not let them stay allied for a long time. The events that led to the Cold war are 1) Yalta Conference (February 1945) Held during the war, on the surface, the Yalta conference seemed successful.  Ã‚   At Yalta, the negotiations went very much in Stalins favour, but this was because Roosevelt wanted Russian help in the Pacific, and was prepared to agree to almost anything as long as Stalin agreed to go to war with Japan.   Although the Conference appeared successful, however, behind the scenes, tension was growing, particularly about reparations, and about Poland.  Ã‚     Ã‚   After the conference, Churchill wrote to Roosevelt that The Soviet Union has become a danger to the free world.   And on their return home both he and Roosevelt were criticized for giving away too much to the Soviets: The Potsdam Conference (July 1945) Serious differences arose over the future of Germany and Eastern Europe , and also Truman Revealed to the USSR that it had a powerful new weapon ( the atomic bomb) which kick started the Nuclear Weapons Race that characterized the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine (March 1947) It was the unofficial policy of the US to stop the spread of communism in Europe and other places which conflicted with the USSRs desire to convert other countries to communism. This also led to the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan (June 1947) This was about US aid to European countries, with which they ended up forming the NATO alliance. Conclusion Summing up, we can say that the main causes of Cold War are the events that run up to it , such as the Truman Doctrine , The Marshall plan , the Potsdam conference and the Yalta Conference , and the conflicts of the USSRs and USAs political and economic ideologies.

The Potato And Its Societal Effects Essay -- Essays Papers

The Potato And Its Societal Effects The potato had a great effect in Europe during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The potato was a part of the Agricultural Revolution that took place during this time. The Agricultural Revolution not only had a great impact on agriculture, but society as well. This revolution caused an increase in population. J.G. Hawkes, author of The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity, and Genetic Resources, notes that the "potato [was] brought to Spain about 1570 by Spanish explorers who discovered it in South America. The potato was grown in the country of Chile. Hawkes also asserts that the potato was most likely brought to England around 1590. However, Redcliffe Salaman, author of The History and Social Influence of the Potato, explains that "the potato was a luxury food in England until the middle of the seventeenth century" (445). The potato helped to revolutionize society. During the eighteenth century the working class of England could not afford bread. Bread prices rose dramatically, but workers wages remained low. This caused a great deal of disease and malnutrition within the working class in England. Salaman notes that "the potato was mainly responsible for remedying this condition amongst the working classes of the country" (435). The potato was used as a substitute for bread because there was a shortage of wheat. The potato helped England to survive a shortage of wheat and bread. The Western Heritage Brief Edition textbook explains that with the potato, "a single acre of land could produce enough potatoes to feed a peasant family for an entire year" (381-82). Salaman offered the evidence of esteemed economist Adam Smith who said, "one acre land under potatoes would yield... ... it was and could not afford food. Potatoes had been the primary source of food for seventy percent of the Irish people. This Famine changed Ireland socially and culturally in many ways. Works Cited - Food and Drink in History: Selections from the Annales. Vol. 5. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1979. 5 vols. - Hawkes, J.G. The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity, and Genetic Resources. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1990.. - Salaman, Redcliffe. The History and Social Influence of the Potato. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. - Szabo, Liz. "Interpreting the Irish Famine, 1846-1850." Liz Szabo’s Home Page. http://avery.med.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Famine.html (25 March 1998). - The Western Heritage Brief Edition. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996. 2 vols.

Cry the Beloved Country Restoration Analysis

Restoration Through Symbolism Restoration is a beautiful thing. Watching something go from nothing to everything is amazing. In the book Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, restoration is one of the main themes of the book. I am going to talk about two main examples; a quotation from a character and the significance of a certain character. The first thing developing the concept of restoration is the character Napoleon. Napoleon was an allusion used in the story. He was a demonstrator that came to the city of Ndotsheni to help them ‘get back on their feet again' by teaching them how to efficiently farm.However, his advice was not exactly received with open arms. As a character, he is quite similar to Napoleon Bonaparte, a French leader. Both of them had very helpful ideas to improve life for everyone, but not everyone appreciated his suggestions. The Napoleon in the story also symbolizes starting the process of restoration. When Ndotsheni finally accepts his advice and begi ns doing things more efficiently, it's an enormous turning point for the city. Also symbolizing the restoration process is the words of another character, Father Vincent. Feature Article  Country School  Allen CurnowFear is a journey, a terrible journey, but sorrow is at least an arriving†, he says, while comforting Stephen Kumalo. When he says this, he also hints at the concept of restoration, because later in the quote, he references building a house, directly saying that you can rebuild what you have lost. I've just given two examples on how different types of material in the same book can mean almost the exact same thing. Watching restoration is still thrilling for me, whether it be in real life or in a fictional town.

The stock market of today’s society Essays

The stock market of today’s society Essays The stock market of today’s society Essay The stock market of today’s society Essay The stock market of today’s society has turned into a fast paced digitalized system of transactions between some of the world’s wealthiest power brokers.   In order to fully examine the functionality of the stock market and how the entirety of the system works, a thorough examination of how the stock market works is important having an overall understanding of investment and stock selection. A stock is defined by Charles Schwab, a leading stock brokerage firm, as â€Å"an instrument that signifies an ownership position (called equity) in a corporation, and represents a claim on its proportional share in the corporations assets and profits† (Charles Schwab, npg).   In basic terms, a stock is a claim of ownership on a corporation.   However many shares a particular individual has of a company determines how much ownership of the overall company this individual possesses.   If an individual retain fifty shares of a company that has one thousand total shares, he or she has five percent ownership of the entire company.   Just as stocks are claims to ownership, the stock market is the marketplace where stockholders can trade, sell, and buy each other’s ownership of companies.   This marketplace works much like any supermarket, where individuals will use money or their own stocks to trade for ones from other people (Smith 103).   This mutually benefici al marketplace is the foundation of the stock system. Stocks however, vary between many different types.   Not all stocks can be purchased by anyone at any given time.   The most important classification of stocks is â€Å"common stock† and â€Å"preferred stock†.   Most shares of stocks are called â€Å"common shares† because these are the shares that are most available within the stock market.   Common stock entitles the owner certain privileges and power over the company because it represents partial ownership of the company.   This means that common shares allow the owner the right to vote in many corporate matters, and they also receive votes to elect the company’s board of directors.   They also receive the ability of â€Å"preemptive rights† which allows them to by stocks upon a split of the stock to maintain the proportional ownership of the corporation that they maintained before more stock was issued (Sincere 120).   The main advantage of the common stock is the power conferred upon the owner of the stock.   But it has the drawback that common shares are the last shares that receives dividends, and it also is the shares to get paid back in case of a bankruptcy within the company. Preferred stock in contrast does not confer nearly as much voting power to the owner of the stock but offers much more security.   Preferred stocks are the first to receive dividends and the first to receive payments in case there is a bankruptcy (Faerber 54).   Therefore they guarantee the owner a very low risk investment but lack the ownership control value of common shares.   Both of these two stocks have their individual drawbacks but each also has their advantages. The management and investment of stocks is an extremely risky business, where many times sound investments could turn into bankruptcy candidates in a matter of days.   The danger posed by stocks is that they are extremely volatile to the affects of public opinion.   Therefore when making stock investment decisions can many times turn into a roulette wheel rather than sound investments.   An example is the catastrophe surrounding the collapse of Enron in late 2001.   Enron, one of the country’s biggest energy producers collapsed and filed for bankruptcy in late 2001, and its stock plummeted from blue chip value to almost worthless in a matter of days (Fisher 151).   People who invested heavily into Enron because of its security soon learned that its financial blunderings had made their perception of the company change and that led to the immediate nosedive of Enron stock.   Enron is an excellent example of how stocks can change from blue chip, solid investment stock , to worthless.   Therefore a risk always exists when investing in stocks, even those that are perceived to be irreproachably solid stocks. Another risky method of stock investment involves investing in high risk stocks.   When investing in corporations that are just starting its development or does not have an identifiable product on the market, the possibility of losing the invested money is always present.   One example is the rise and fall of Orion Enterprises.   This corporation rose over 300% in the course of two weeks during 2004 because of the hype surrounding its development of a new medicine that would affect the recovery of patients after chemotherapy (Smith 21).   However, in the wake of its rejection from FDA approval, the stock subsequently plummeted to nearly the zero dollar mark and caused the bankruptcy of the corporation (Smith 23).   The collapse of Orion is an example of how stocks can be extremely risky to purchase and trade because of the unexpected fluctuation of public perception. However, investment in stocks can also yield large rewards.   Stocks represent ownership in corporations, and when corporations change from an extremely small operation to a multinational and multibillion dollar enterprise, and then the original investors are the ones who benefit the most.   Given the example of Microsoft, which increased its stock value so much from 1986 to 1998, that an initial investment of ten thousand dollars in 1986 would have yielded a return of over six million dollars in 1998 (Siegel 15)?   This shift in the rate at which stocks can become instant earners is another example of how powerful the stock market is, and the rewards that one could extract from making wise investments.   Another example of a reward derived from stock investment is investment into high risk markets.   Stocks especially within the technology sector are highly volatile, but at times they can yield extremely high profit in a short amount of time.   The transition of google.c om from being a low yield stock to one of the most consistent and most reliable stocks on the market today occurred in less than three years.   This serves as an example of how wise investment decisions could actually yield extremely good profit margins. Although high risk stocks can make excellent returns, low risk stocks can also yield excellent monetary rewards given a proper amount of time.   Although the common perception that blue chip stocks are great earners have been imprinted on modern investors, the reality of the situation is quite different.   Some blue chip stocks such as Cisco, has seen a steady increase on investment of 8% over the course of the past six years.   Which means that for a moderately low risk investment, a stockholder might expect a very satisfactory yearly return of 8% on their investment?   Another example of a low risk and middle ground investment is in quality customer service or restaurant corporations such as McDonald’s, which has consistently been on the rise since it opened on the market (Siegel 15).   Because these corporations depend on a much larger market than other smaller companies, they present a very steady and consistent long term investment.   Overall the advantage of having low risk stocks is that they are extremely easy to identify and they present consistent returns rather than erratic ones.   They are also long term investments and therefore require much less supervision.   However, it most importantly makes much less profit than high risk stocks because it has already neared its peak in development and thus lacks the ability to expand quickly because of its relative present size. Therefore a savvy stock investor would have a portfolio that achieves a risk neutral approach to investment that has a balance of both high risk and low risk stocks.   Such a portfolio takes advantage of the stability granted by blue chip stocks to fund the money of more risky ventures that could either yield great profits or losses.   The net benefit of diversification of the portfolio is that it allows for the dispersal of risk within the stock portfolio.   Overall having such a balanced stock ownership will permit the stockholder to have more control of his financial situation to avoid great losses in the stock market.

Atmospheric Stability and Instability

Atmospheric Stability and Instability Stability (or atmospheric stability) refers to airs tendency to either rise and create storms (instability), or to resist vertical movement (stability). The simplest way to understand how stability works is to imagine a parcel of air having a thin, flexible cover that allows it to expand but prevents the air inside from mixing with the surrounding air- as is true of a party balloon. Next, imagine that we take the balloon and force it up into the atmosphere. Since air pressure decreases with altitude, the balloon will relax and expand, and its temperature will therefore decrease. If the parcel were cooler than the surrounding air, it would be heavier (since cool air is denser than warm air); and if allowed to do so, it would sink back down to the ground. Air of this type is said to be stable. On the other hand, if we lifted our imaginary balloon and the air within it was warmer, and hence, less dense than its surrounding air, it would continue to rise until it reached a point where its temperature and that of its surroundings were equal. This type of air is classified as unstable. Lapse Rates: A Measure of Stability But meteorologists dont have to watch a balloons behavior every time they want to know atmospheric stability. They can arrive at the same answer simply by measuring the actual air temperature at various heights; this measure is called the environmental lapse rate (the term lapse having to do with temperatures decline). If the environmental lapse rate is steep- as is true when the air near the ground is significantly warmer than the air aloft- then one knows the atmosphere is unstable. But if the lapse rate is small, meaning theres relatively little change in temperature, its a good indication of a stable atmosphere. The most stable conditions occur during a temperature inversion when temperature increases (rather than decreases) with height. The easiest way to determine atmospheric stability at a glance is by using an atmospheric sounding. Edited by Tiffany Means.

Managing Diversity Strategies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managing Diversity Strategies - Article Example In summary, the article portrays diversity management as a business strategy that requires training to employees in order to increase their ability to align their practices to the diversity requirement in both the external and internal business environments. Key points in the article are on the importance of authenticity in diverse management which requires the shunning of the tradition perception of the practice. Glenn also sensitizes on the importance of diversity management in growth, and how change evaluation is important is creating reliable diversity management strategies (2). The article is important in the chapter of study in that it addresses the queries on the significance of the approach in the workplace, how to effectively implement the process and how to develop appropriate diversity training techniques. The choice of the article is based on its ability to evaluate the future of diversity management as influenced by mandatory change in the corporate world. I agree with the arguments by Glenn since the article highlights accurate trends in the practice based on trends in diversity management. The article also provides reliable information since it uses case studies of companies that have successfully implemented diversity management strategies. Glenn, Llopis. Diversity Management is the Key to Growth: Make it Authentic. Forbes. June 13, 2011. Web. April 21, 2015.

Night Work and the Risk of Cancer Among Men Essay - 1

Night Work and the Risk of Cancer Among Men - Essay Example geted men aged between 35-70 years residing in the greater Montreal who had been diagnosed with incident, pathologically confirmed cancer at any major 18 hospitals of Montreal. The study results confirmed earlier studies which had linked night shift workers to increased levels of cancer. However, the study also provided new evidence that had not been well investigated previously, which was the relationship between night work and risks of several types of cancer among men. The results suggested increased risks of cancer sites among men working at night. The results were not tested, since the researchers point out that, â€Å"the absence of duration-response relations, and the very fact of ostensible excess risks across such a wide array of tumour types, might raise questions about the credibility of these ï ¬ ndings and possible methodological artefacts† (Parent, 2012, p. 753). The primary risk of exposure of interest was the relationship between night work and the risk of cancer among men. The study found that there was the existence of a relationship between cancer and night work, although it was not accurately measured. A case study was used to conduct this study of night work and the risk of cancer among men. It involved interviewing men who resided in greater Montreal and who had been diagnosed with various types of cancer in the 18 hospitals in Montreal. The study only focused on male patients who had visited the largest hospitals in Montreal between 1979 and 1985. Out of 4,576 eligible cancer patients 82% of the patients, which total to 3, 730 were successfully interviewed. 81% responded for themselves while the remaining per cent, their spouses acted as the respondents. The study only focused on men who had visited hospitals and successfully been diagnosed with various types of cancer. The selection bias was based on the exposure of interest. The fact that only those men who had been diagnosed with cancer were selected for the study made it qualify for

Write a Criminal Sentence Reduction Letter Term Paper

Write a Criminal Sentence Reduction Letter - Term Paper Example This letter thus pleads for leniency in his sentencing on the basis that he has no prior criminal record and his remorseful about the incident. That the jury was also convinced after a few hours of deliberations that the accused did not intentionally end the life of his victim also shows that it was actually an accident and the accused did not have any malice aforethought (Spohn 25). The defendant being my cousin, I have known him since his childhood. In this period, he has been a law-abiding citizen who has never had any encounter with the criminal justice system on account of a crime or other acts of disorderliness. I can therefore confidently vouch for his good character that has seen him go through the school system to reach college. As a college student, the defendant has been a rather productive and positive member of society, particularly in assisting and advising younger children in the family and the neighborhood on their educational endeavors and career choices. From his productivity in the community, it is thus understandable that the defendant made a mistake in his actions that led to the death of the victim. Understandably, the many instances he has served the community positively make him a worthy consideration for leniency. This letter thus requests the defendant’s sentencing to be reduced on grounds of his good character and behavior prior to the commission of the crime and his remorse for the crime committed. Additionally, while under police custody, the accused has also shown considerably good conduct by indulging in religion,-, education-, and work-related activities and responsibilities (Lawyers.com 3). Furthermore, while under custody, he has continued to engage in training activities that could be useful after his release. If his sentence is reduced and he is released early, there are many good nurtured family members and friends who will support him financially, socially, and emotional to help him recover

Characters In Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory Essay Example for Free

Characters In Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory Essay What similarities or differences are there in the way disturbed or disturbing characters are presented in Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory? Necrophilic fantasies in Duffys Havisham, the impulsive murderer in Armitages Hitcher, the smarter premeditated plot in the Lab, and finally the darkened anger of Inversnaid. All of these poems contain elements of disturbed characters or disturbed fantasies, some flaunt an erratic display of anger love and hate, and some are more contained and scheming. In all of these poems the disturbed and the disturbing is explored in new ways and helps us to better understand our own minds and evils. Inversnaid is immediately begun with dark and disturbing imagery darksome burn this conjures up gory and gothic thoughts before the poem has properly begun. In contrast Hitcher starts in a completely opposite way Id been tired, under the weather the enjambment on the first line creates suspense, also the spelling of answer phone as ansaphone shows the narrators simplicity, also the erratic punctuation gets across his disturbed state of being. The fact that he has a hired car could also mean that he is a dangerous driver and has caused a road accident. A part in the poem that also suggests that the narrator is crazy is round the next bend this indicates that he is round the bend showing he is crazy. Inversnaid also gives this impression through the use of enjambment. This gives the poem a rambling feel as though he is just spouting random words. A disturbing feeling is also created by: broth Of a pool sp pitch-black, this phrase sounds almost apocalyptic, this combined with the rambling could almost be seen as though he is speaking in tongues; prophesising some terrible end to the world. In Duffys Havisham, the psychotic issues of the narrator can be seen from the start, as is the case in inversnaid. Green pebbles for eyes this shows the audience that she has lost all emotion and individuality she ever had. We know this Havisham is defiantly crazy when Duffy describes her cawing Nooooo at the wall; it shows her loss of self-respect and dignity. In contrast, the woman in the Laboratory chooses to hid her self tying thy glass mask tightly she does this in order to hide herself so as to save her self-respect and also to ensure she does not get caught in planning a murder. However, despite the narrators dignity there is a disturbing element about her for example: keep them one half minuet fixed she would fall the fact that she believes that she can stare her victim to death, but most of all because she does not care that the man will still not love her after she has killed Pauline, this proves that she is just doing it out of jealousy as she cannot have him. Carol Ann Duffys Havisham is defiantly the most disturbing poem of all as it addresses all the usually psychotic issues that the narrators in each of the poems talk about and goes beyond that by describing Havisham necrophilic fantasies. However it is evident that all of these poems are describing a hate that we have all felt at some point, we are not all necessarily necrophilias but we have all hated someone in this way. As for hitcher I believe that this is the same and that Armitage is merely presenting to us a part of ourselves but exemplified in an amplified and literal state.

Machiavelli The Prince Political Discourse Politics Essay

Machiavelli The Prince Political Discourse Politics Essay Niccolà ² Machiavelli an Italian who lived between (3 May 1469 21 June 1527). He was a great philosopher who combined philosophy with authoring (Dehsen, 1999). Niccolo Machiavelli is also considered one of the chief creators of the contemporary political science. Machiavelli The Prince is a political discourse written jointly by the Italian community servant and a political philosopher Niccolà ² Machiavelli. At first Machiavelli The Prince was known as De Principatibus or About Principalities. Machiavelli The Prince was first put in black and white way back in the year 1513. However, The Prince never was then published until the year 1532 (Anglo, 2005). This was exactly a period of five years subsequent to the death of Niccolo Machiavelli. The Prince was actually one of the primary works of contemporary philosophy. In modern philosophy unlike old theories emphases is placed on pragmatic ends and not just teleological concepts. The practical end is therefore the principal purpose for current philosophy. In fact among Niccolo Machiavellis writings, the treatise is the most bore in mind. Apparently, it is also the one in charge for getting Machiavellian into extensive use as a derogatory term. Machiavellis The Prince has made a great input into the account of political deliberation and offers the fundamental departure between political pragmatism and political impracticality. Niccolà ² Machiavellis The Prince duly exposits and illustrates the arts through which a ruler, the prince himself can sustain control of his territory (Roger Masters, 1996). It mainly gives attention to the new prince, beneath the presupposition that an inherited prince has no challenges on the throne, but rather an easier assignment in ruling. Machiavelli writes so since the subjects are quite accustomed to the prince. To hold on to power, the inherited prince is obliged to vigilantly uphold the socio-political establishments to which the subjects are used to; while a new-fangled prince has the extra complicated chore in ruling, given that he is taxed to foremost calm down his power so as to put up a lasting political structure (Roger Masters (1996). That task does require the new prince to be a ci vic stature whose repute and characters are beyond reproach. At the same time, the prince is required to secretly act amorally in order to accomplish the State set targets and goals. Very proper examples include the princes who to a large extent successfully acquire and retain power, obtain from his remarks as a Florentine ambassador, and his antique history interpretations; hence, the Latin terms and typical examples. Machiavellis The Prince promptly looks at the acquirement, upholding, as well as usage of political supremacy in the civilized world. As a matter of fact, Machiavelli put in writing The Prince to provide evidence his expertise in the skill of the country, giving guidance on the modalities that a prince can employ so as to obtain and at the same time keep power. In The Prince Machiavelli actually validated rule by force to a good extent than by law. As a result, The Prince appears to rationalize a number of actions done solely to perpetuate power. It is a classic study of power-its acquisition, expansion, and effective use. In the The Prince the prince never sends away morals, in lieu, it politically describes Morality as in the decisive factor for up to standard cruel exploit. It has got to be influential. It should actually bear such features as being quick, effective, and efficient as well as short-lived (Whelan, Frederick, 2004). Niccolo Machiavelli is quite aware and conscious of the quirk of fate of good outcomes emanating from wicked actions; in spite of some explanatory subject matter. In fact that is why the Catholic Church did prohibit The Prince. As a discourse, the primary scholastic input to the record of political thinking is really the elemental crack between political practicality and political impracticality (Whelan, Frederick, 2004). As a result, The Prince is actually an instruction booklet to get ones hands on and maintenance of the desirable political power. However, conventional idyllic society is not the sole aim of the princes eagerness to power. As a philosopher and a political scientist, Machiavelli does emphasize essential, logical exercise of boastful force punishment as well as recompense like patronage in order to safeguard and maintain the status quo. The opinion expanded on by Niccolo Machiavelli in The Prince might look as if it is tremendous even for the period of time in which they were authored. Nevertheless, the entire life of Machiavelli was used up in Florence. Then, there was an uninterrupted political conflict. For that reason, Machiavelli does emphasize for the needs for steadiness in the principality of the prince. The territory of the prince is at risk with regard to its preservation. The hypotheses articulated in The Prince expresses techniques that a would-be prince can use to attain the throne, or an existing prince can use to maintain his reign. According to Machiavelli, the supreme ethical good is a righteous and unwavering state, as well as dealings to look after the realm is for that reason warranted even if they seem are malicious. Machiavelli sturdily put forward, though, that the prince ought not to be loathed. He says, a wise prince should establish himself on that which is his own control and not in that of others; he must endeavor to avoid hatred, as is noted. (Constitution.org) Indeed in the opening discussion of The Prince, there is clear definition of effective and efficient methods of governing or controlling the subject in quite a number of sorts of principalities. For instance a newly attained versus hereditary acquired territories. In fact, Machiavelli does put in plain words to the reader, the Magnificent Lorenzo de Medici an associate of the Florentine Medici relations and honestly the best ways to obtain, sustain, and by extension defend a country. The schemes illustrated within bears the broad-spectrum theme of attaining needed trimmings by any possible means. Machiavelli spins to the ways a country can demonstrate aggression on the others terrains and/or defend itself. According to Machiavelli, the two most prominent and essential brass tacks for any stable nation, whether ancient or fresh, are ample laws and regulations and tough armed forces. An autonomous prince is that who can counters any adversary on the combat zone. However, a prince that depends entirely on buttresses or just on the assist of others and by annex stands on the protective is not self-reliant. If the prince cannot at all lift up a strong formidable defense force, other than relying on security, he is required to make stronger his city (Whelan, Frederick, 2004). Machiavelli firmly believes that a well-fortified city or territory is not likely to be hit, and if in any case it is attacked, nearly all armies will fail to withstand an unmitigated cordon or siege and subsequently withdraw or surrender. On the other hand, during a blockade a good prince will carry on the sp irits of his people as well as military high while getting rid of all dissidents. as a consequence, so long as the city or territory is appropriately safeguarded and by extension has adequate supplies for basic necessities, an astute prince can withstand and subdue any cordon. In The Prince, Machiavelli strongly argues and by extension stands in opposition to the usage of mercenaries to secure and defend territory. He believes firmly that the mercenaries are quite useless to any ruler who is worth his salt. He carries this since the mercenaries are considered as unlimitedly undisciplined, gutless, and further still possess limited or no loyalty at all. Moreover, Machiavelli sates that the mercenaries are in most situations being motivated merely by money and not that real urge to fight and even die for ones country. They really lack genuine loyalty and can grossly betray the course of a worthy conquerable fight. Machiavelli characterizes the weakness of the Italian municipality to their absolute reliance and trust on the disloyal mercenary armies (Sullivan, Vickie, 1996). In fact according to him, a prince should have a well recruited army whose loyalty is pocketed by the prince and extensively his subordinate. Machiavelli is completely convinced that hire armies in the name of mercenaries must not be depended upon by a state as this will jeopardize the live of the subjects. As a matter of addition, Machiavelli further cautions in opposition to using back up forces, rented troops or even those borrowed from close collaborator, for the simple reason that if they end up winning a battle, then the employer will subsequently be in their act of kindness and yet if they are defeated, the employer will totally be ruined and unable to command them. Such situation is quite dangerous as it imperils the states stability and it is the subjects who bear the brand. According to Machiavelli auxiliary forces in all cases are more perilous than even the mercenary armies since they are usually solidly united and managed by accomplished commanders who may perhaps turn against the employer who is the prince. They are normally difficult to tame and are at free end to the extent that they can go against the grain and claim the throne or cause a coup. In The Prince Machiavelli do observes that the most important apprehension for a ruler, the prince, should actually be battle, or to that effect preparation for the same. He says that war enables a heritable prince to keep up his power and/or an ordinary citizen to ascend to the throne and duly take control of a state. In that regard, Machiavelli promptly recommends that a prince have got to recurrently hunt or track in order to physically keep his body in shape and at the same time gain knowledge of the scenery which surrounds his sovereignty (Sullivan, Vickie, 1996).. The physical body robust and knowledge of the surrounding terrain are of essence to a prince. He claims that via this, the prince can preeminently become skilled and knowledgeable at how and when to secure and protect his territory and further press forward upon others similar if not the same. To Machiavelli, this is like killing two birds or more with a single stone. Machiavelli advances further that for a rational s trength, the prince is give a piece of advice to learn great military men like Alexander The Great in order to emulate their methodologies and achievements and further still steer clear of their mistakes (Sullivan, Vickie, 1996). He says that a prince who is adequately diligent in periods of peace and tranquility will be geared up in times of hardship. In fact, Machiavelli notes, thus, when fortune turns against him he will be prepared to resist it. In The Prince Machiavelli writes that when and if a prince ascends to the throne via luck and/or through the consents of powerful societal figures contained by a given regime, he actually has an trouble-free time attaining power. He cautions, however, that such acquired powers do offer the prince an enormous challenge to absolutely take control of the subjects and the army. He says that the prince will encounter hard time keeping the power thereafter, for the reason that his power is merely dependent on his backers benevolence which Machiavelli describes as a changeable thing at best. This is so because the ultimate prince will fail to command and acquire the absolute loyalty of the armies as well as officials he badly needs in order to stamp and uphold his authority (Sullivan, Vickie1996). Unfortunately, Machiavelli notes that these authorities if in any case such a prince assumes them then they can be withdrawn from him at any time and at a whim. In addition, Machiavelli states tha t since he ascended to the throne the effortless way, it is without certainty that such a leader has due necessary skills, knowledge or wisdom as well as strength to stand and position himself on his own feet as a leader. On the other hand, Machiavelli says that a prince who on his own rises by causing the downfall of the existing regime has a tough time getting higher. However, such a prince is able to rule with ease thereafter. Machiavelli hints that such a prince has sufficient guts to clear out and away his enemies. That he is also able to forge treaties on his own conditions and terms and by extension earns more recognition and respect. According to The Prince, improving an existing regime is actually one of the main treacherous and easier said than done things a ruler can do. Machiavelli writes that this is partly due to the fact that citizens are of course resistant by nature to change and /or reform, either sudden or gradual (Soll Jacob, 2005) . Partly there is enormous resistance since the beneficiaries of the old government will with all their strength resist passionately using the people and their resources. They will spread propaganda and intoxicate peoples mind. At the same time those who stand a chance or more to gain from any new regime will be of assistance to such a prince only half-heartedly. They will bear divide loyalty. This is for the most part due to the reformers lack of authenticity, and to some noticeable degree it is difficult for populace to readily believe and trust in an anticipated government that they have not practiced for themselves. What is more, it is obviously pragmatically not possib le for the leader (prince) to meet and deliver everyones glowingly huge prospects (Sullivan, Vickie 1996). . Without doubt, the prince will sadly let down some of his staunch supporters. Machiavelli in The Prince gives immediate solution to this. He says it is possible the prince counters this. All he needs to do in this case is for the prince to have the means and ways to oblige and compel his cohorts to maintain their support for him even at the time they begin having second opinions (Soll, Jacob, 2005). In such a situation in Machiavellis point of view it is only well armed diviners who thrive in getting necessary long lasting change. In the Prince, Machiavelli also mention regarding the behavior and conduct of the mighty prince particularly toward his subjects. Machiavelli states (Whelan, Frederick, 2004) : Men have imagined republics and principalities that never really existed at all. Yet the way men live is so far removed from the way they ought to live that anyone who abandons what is for what should be pursues his downfall rather than his preservation; for a man who strives after goodness in all his acts is sure to come to ruin, since there are so many men who are not good. In view of the fact that there are countless possible qualities and characters that a prince can be associated with and be said to enjoy, the prince has not to be exaggeratedly apprehensive regarding having wholly the good qualities. In addition, a prince may perhaps seem to be compassionate, kind, true to life, humanitarian, forthright, and even religious (Brian, 2001). A prince should only give such impression to have such qualities. They do not have to be authentically possessed by the prince. He just needs to give a hint of having, but not necessarily does he need to have them anyway. In The Prince, a prince can not strictly have such qualities and characters for the simple reason that at certain periods it is of essence for the prince to act against them for the good of all the subjects. Even though an awful repute ought to be evaded, it is not fundamental in smooth governance and maintaining power (Brian, 2001). The only ethic and moral that matters here are indeed one that is quite of assistance to the prince in particular when he is dealing with matters of concern to the state. Machiavelli emphatically declares in The Prince that dedications which are made in times of peace and tranquility are not always reserved in adversity. However, such devotion made in fright is reserved out of fright. And yet, a prince is tasked to guarantee that he is never dreaded to the level of hatred, which is quite possible.

Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers fc

1. What is alcoholism? 2. How do people become alcoholics? 3. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? 4. How do you diagnose alcoholism? 5. Is there a cure for alcoholics? 6. What is the treatment? What is Alcoholism? Alcoholism can be defined as the dependency on alcohol; addiction to alcohol. It is a chronic disease, this disease called alcoholism is progressive and potentially fatal. â€Å" In 1966 the American Medical Association (AMA) declared Alcoholism a disease, but it is still judged morally by society† said Father Martin. There are different types of alcoholics, the first type of alcoholic is the everyday drinker. These alcoholics drink on a daily basis with a high dependency on alcohol. A second type is the weekend alcoholics, they drink on weekends, usually to excess. Finally, the third type is the binge drinker. This is a person who drinks heavily on occasion. Probably the most dangerous type of alcoholism, because they are most likely to die of alcohol poisoning. How do people become alcoholics? Alcoholics don’t know how they became alcoholics. Some say it is genetic on the stress gene, triggered by psychological or social stress. While others say it is a learned maladaptive coping behavior. Studies have shown that alcoholism may be genetic. If alcoholism is genetic it would be indirect. it would be related to the stress gene. This means that stress would set off a trigger that makes alcohol a want to the person. If alcoholism is learned behavior it means that drinking is a bad coping skill, most likely learned through an alcoholic parent. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? Alcohol has terrible effects on health, family and work. The effects of alcohol on the body are cirrhosis of the liver, loss of brain cells, stomach cancer, depression, tremors and blackouts. An alcoholic in the family causes many disruptions to the members of the family. They start argum ents and fights by not functioning or being drunk. They either do not attend family gatherings or disrupt them. Some alcoholics can be abusive to other family members. A lot of alcoholic families find themselves in financial trouble, caused by the alcoholic using most of the money to buy alcohol. Kids of an alcoholic suffer the most, listening to arguments and being the blame of their parents drinking, making the ... ...very A.A. group ought to be self-supporting, declining outside contributions.† Tradition Eight: â€Å" Alcoholics Anonymous should remain forever non-professional, but our service centers may employ special workers.† Tradition Nine: â€Å" A.A., as such, ought never be organized; but we create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve.† Tradition Ten: â€Å" Alcoholics Anonymous has no opinion on outside issues; hence the A.A. name ought never be drawn into public controversy.† Tradition Eleven: â€Å" Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion; we need always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, and films.† Tradition Twelve: â€Å" Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities.† Bibliography Work Cited Silverstein, Herma. Alcoholism. New York: Franklin Watts, 1990 Wekesser, Carol. Alcoholism. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc., 1994 Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 1995 â€Å" Alcohol and Alcoholism.† The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986 Word Count: 1414 Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers fc 1. What is alcoholism? 2. How do people become alcoholics? 3. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? 4. How do you diagnose alcoholism? 5. Is there a cure for alcoholics? 6. What is the treatment? What is Alcoholism? Alcoholism can be defined as the dependency on alcohol; addiction to alcohol. It is a chronic disease, this disease called alcoholism is progressive and potentially fatal. â€Å" In 1966 the American Medical Association (AMA) declared Alcoholism a disease, but it is still judged morally by society† said Father Martin. There are different types of alcoholics, the first type of alcoholic is the everyday drinker. These alcoholics drink on a daily basis with a high dependency on alcohol. A second type is the weekend alcoholics, they drink on weekends, usually to excess. Finally, the third type is the binge drinker. This is a person who drinks heavily on occasion. Probably the most dangerous type of alcoholism, because they are most likely to die of alcohol poisoning. How do people become alcoholics? Alcoholics don’t know how they became alcoholics. Some say it is genetic on the stress gene, triggered by psychological or social stress. While others say it is a learned maladaptive coping behavior. Studies have shown that alcoholism may be genetic. If alcoholism is genetic it would be indirect. it would be related to the stress gene. This means that stress would set off a trigger that makes alcohol a want to the person. If alcoholism is learned behavior it means that drinking is a bad coping skill, most likely learned through an alcoholic parent. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? Alcohol has terrible effects on health, family and work. The effects of alcohol on the body are cirrhosis of the liver, loss of brain cells, stomach cancer, depression, tremors and blackouts. An alcoholic in the family causes many disruptions to the members of the family. They start argum ents and fights by not functioning or being drunk. They either do not attend family gatherings or disrupt them. Some alcoholics can be abusive to other family members. A lot of alcoholic families find themselves in financial trouble, caused by the alcoholic using most of the money to buy alcohol. Kids of an alcoholic suffer the most, listening to arguments and being the blame of their parents drinking, making the ... ...very A.A. group ought to be self-supporting, declining outside contributions.† Tradition Eight: â€Å" Alcoholics Anonymous should remain forever non-professional, but our service centers may employ special workers.† Tradition Nine: â€Å" A.A., as such, ought never be organized; but we create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve.† Tradition Ten: â€Å" Alcoholics Anonymous has no opinion on outside issues; hence the A.A. name ought never be drawn into public controversy.† Tradition Eleven: â€Å" Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion; we need always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, and films.† Tradition Twelve: â€Å" Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities.† Bibliography Work Cited Silverstein, Herma. Alcoholism. New York: Franklin Watts, 1990 Wekesser, Carol. Alcoholism. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc., 1994 Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 1995 â€Å" Alcohol and Alcoholism.† The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986 Word Count: 1414

Deception Point Page 51

â€Å"A decade. And not only is the NASA space station not yet fully operational, but the project so far has cost twenty times your bid. As an American taxpayer, I am sickened.† A grumble of agreement circled the room. Sexton let his eyes move, reconnecting with the group. â€Å"I am well aware,† the senator said, addressing everyone now, â€Å"that several of your companies have offered to launch private space shuttles for as little as fifty million dollars per flight.† More nods. â€Å"And yet NASA undercuts you by charging only thirty-eight million dollars per flight†¦ even though their actual per flight cost is over one hundred and fifty million dollars!† â€Å"It's how they keep us out of space,† one of the men said. â€Å"The private sector cannot possibly compete with a company that can afford to run shuttle flights at a four hundred percent loss and still stay in business.† â€Å"Nor should you have to,† Sexton said. Nods all around. Sexton turned now to the austere entrepreneur beside him, a man whose file Sexton had read with interest. Like many of the entrepreneurs funding Sexton's campaign, this man was a former military engineer who had become disillusioned with low wages and government bureaucracy and had abandoned his military post to seek his fortune in aerospace. â€Å"Kistler Aerospace,† Sexton said, shaking his head in despair. â€Å"Your company has designed and manufactured a rocket that can launch payloads for as little as two thousand dollars per pound compared to NASA's costs of ten thousand dollars per pound.† Sexton paused for effect. â€Å"And yet you have no clients.† â€Å"Why would I have any clients?† the man replied. â€Å"Last week NASA undercut us by charging Motorola only eight hundred and twelve dollars per pound to launch a telecomm satellite. The government launched that satellite at a nine hundred percent loss!† Sexton nodded. Taxpayers were unwittingly subsidizing an agency that was ten times less efficient than its competition. â€Å"It has become painfully clear,† he said, his voice darkening, â€Å"that NASA is working very hard to stifle competition in space. They crowd out private aerospace businesses by pricing services below market value.† â€Å"It's the Wal-Marting of space,† the Texan said. Damn good analogy, Sexton thought. I'll have to remember that. Wal-Mart was notorious for moving into a new territory, selling products below market value, and driving all local competition out of business. â€Å"I'm goddamned sick and tired,† the Texan said, â€Å"of having to pay millions in business taxes so Uncle Sam can use that money to steal my clients!† â€Å"I hear you,† Sexton said. â€Å"I understand.† â€Å"It's the lack of corporate sponsorships that's killing Rotary Rocket,† a sharply dressed man said. â€Å"The laws against sponsorship are criminal!† â€Å"I couldn't agree more.† Sexton had been shocked to learn that another way NASA entrenched its monopoly of space was by passing federal mandates banning advertisements on space vehicles. Instead of allowing private companies to secure funding through corporate sponsorships and advertising logos-the way, for example, professional race car drivers did-space vehicles could only display the words USA and the company name. In a country that spent $185 billion a year on advertising, not one advertising dollar ever found its way into the coffers of private space companies. â€Å"It's robbery,† one of the men snapped. â€Å"My company hopes to stay in business long enough to launch the country's first tourist-shuttle prototype next May. We expect enormous press coverage. The Nike Corporation just offered us seven million in sponsorship dollars to paint the Nike swoosh and ‘Just do it!' on the side of the shuttle. Pepsi offered us twice that for ‘Pepsi: The choice of a new generation.' But according to federal law, if our shuttle displays advertising, we are prohibited from launching it!† â€Å"That's right,† Senator Sexton said. â€Å"And if elected, I will work to abolish that antisponsorship legislation. That is a promise. Space should be open for advertising the way every square inch of earth is open to advertising.† Sexton gazed out now at his audience, his eyes locking in, his voice growing solemn. â€Å"We all need to be aware, however, that the biggest obstacle to privatization of NASA is not laws, but rather, it is public perception. Most Americans still hold a romanticized view of the American space program. They still believe NASA is a necessary government agency.† â€Å"It's those goddamned Hollywood movies!† one man said. â€Å"How many NASA-saves-the-world-from-a-killer-asteroid movies can Hollywood make, for Christ's sake? It's propaganda!† The plethora of NASA movies coming out of Hollywood, Sexton knew, was simply a matter of economics. Following the wildly popular movie Top Gun-a Tom Cruise jet pilot blockbuster that played like a two-hour advertisement for the U.S. Navy-NASA realized the true potential of Hollywood as a public relations powerhouse. NASA quietly began offering film companies free filming access to all of NASA's dramatic facilities-launchpads, mission control, training facilities. Producers, who were accustomed to paying enormous on-site licensing fees when they filmed anywhere else, jumped at the opportunity to save millions in budget costs by making NASA thrillers on â€Å"free† sets. Of course, Hollywood only got access if NASA approved the script. â€Å"Public brainwashing,† a Hispanic grunted. â€Å"The movies aren't half as bad as the publicity stunts. Sending a senior citizen into space? And now NASA is planning an all-female shuttle crew? All for publicity!† Sexton sighed, his tone turning tragic. â€Å"True, and I know I don't have to remind you what happened back in the eighties when the Department of Education was bankrupt and cited NASA as wasting millions that could be spent on education. NASA devised a PR stunt to prove NASA was education-friendly. They sent a public school teacher into space.† Sexton paused. â€Å"You all remember Christa McAuliffe.† The room fell silent. â€Å"Gentlemen,† Sexton said, stopping dramatically in front of the fire. â€Å"I believe it is time Americans understood the truth, for the good of all of our futures. It's time Americans understand that NASA is not leading us skyward, but rather is stifling space exploration. Space is no different than any other industry, and keeping the private sector grounded verges on a criminal act. Consider the computer industry, in which we see such an explosion of progress that we can barely keep up from week to week! Why? Because the computer industry is a free-market system: It rewards efficiency and vision with profits. Imagine if the computer industry were government-run? We would still be in the dark ages. We're stagnating in space. We should put space exploration into the hands of the private sector where it belongs. Americans would be stunned by the growth, jobs, and realized dreams. I believe we should let the free-market system spur us to new heights in space. If elected, I will make it my personal mission to unlock the doors to the final frontier and let them swing wide open.† Sexton lifted his snifter of cognac. â€Å"My friends, you came here tonight to decide if I am someone worthy of your trust. I hope I am on the way to earning it. In the same way it takes investors to build a company, it takes investors to build a presidency. In the same way corporate stockholders expect returns, you as political investors expect returns. My message to you tonight is simple: Invest in me, and I will never forget you. Ever. Our missions are one and the same.† Sexton extended his glass toward them in a toast. â€Å"With your help, my friends, soon I will be in the White House†¦ and you will all be launching your dreams.†