Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 122

Task Example Right off the bat, I might want to communicate my fulfillment with the composition of this play. In fact, by making it, Euripides was out to show his abstract ability. In his composition, the creator viably utilized the component of portrayal. He settled on a decent selection of characters that would make it a lot simpler for him to convey his expected message to the crowd. Every one of the characters was given a name and job that impeccably suits them. They incorporate Medea, Jason, Children, Glauce, Creon, Aegeus, Messenger, Nurse and the Tutor. Each of these assumed an exceptionally noteworthy job in advancing the progression of the play and building up its topics. The communication between the hero and different characters was very amazing. The pretended by characters like Medea and Jason helped in showing how the Ancient Greek society was discriminative and inclination towards the womenfolk. All these were plainly brought out by the way where the creator engaged his characters. On the off chance that it were not for them, the play would not have delighted in a continuous progression. In addition, the play has satisfactorily used the part of topic. In his creation, the creator was a lot of worried about a specific message he was proposing to go to his intended interest group. Aside from utilizing proper characters to help in doing this, he picked a decent setting that suits the play. Basically, Corinth is one of the chronicled Greek urban communities that can be utilized to comprehend the Ancient Greek history by revealing more insight into how the Greeks cooperated among themselves and with their divine beings on the everyday premise. With characters like Medea as a hero, the creator would not battle to investigate the topics of position of ladies in the general public, love, pride and retribution. The topic of affection was delivered because of the relationship among Medea and Jason and later Jason and

The Effects of Drugs on Our Society and Youths

While the vast majority use medications to enable, some to decide to mishandle them. This is the thing that prompts wrongdoing, and it influences our children and society. The expanding marvel of medication maltreatment in the public arena impacts American culture in manners that monetarily cost society nearly $100 billion per year. Unlawful medication use needs to stop! It harms the general public, it harms us, and chiefly, it harms the client. Medication clients feed of society’s cash, protection, and expenses. On the off chance that we let this conduct proceed with the crime percentage will shoot high as can be. Medication use has expanded throughout the years at a disturbing rate and can be deadly to a person’s wellbeing. In this paper, I haven’t picked to expand on a specific medication; just medications by and large and the impacts they have on our general public and our young people. An overview was led and demonstrated that the vast majority saw it as evident that young people between the of 14-22 utilize recreational medications. Recreational medications are not constrained to a specific gathering in the public eye, implying that an extremely wide assortment of individuals decide to utilize the medications; including youngsters, guardians, specialists, and regularly committed understudies. As we have an enthusiasm for how medications influence various social gatherings. These gatherings extend from adolescents to high-class old people who will have various reasons. It is commonly realized that most medications do effectsly affect individuals. Regardless of race, sex, or age. Compulsion is visually impaired Drugs are substances utilized without clinical management to modify a person’s sentiments, or conduct, particularly teenagers with a family ancestry of substance misuse. Most medication use starts in the preteen and high school years. During these years, adolescents are confronted with troublesome errands of finding their self-character, figuring out how to adapt to power, and looking for something positive that would give their life meaning. One of the most significant reasons of high school tranquilize utilization, is peer pressure. This is the thing that speaks to social impacts that impact teenagers. It could have an adverse or beneficial outcome, contingent upon a person’s social gathering. References The Journal of Early Adolescence, Vol. 14, No. 1, 24-48 (1994), Retrieved August 4, 2009 from http:/drugsandyouth. pre-adulthood. com

Biography of Psychologist John B. Watson

Biography of Psychologist John B. Watson More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Early Life Career Little Albert Experiment Leaving Academia Contributions Achievements and Awards Selected Publications Famous Quote John B. Watson was a pioneering psychologist who played an important role in developing behaviorism. Watson believed that psychology should primarily be scientific observable behavior. He is remembered for his research on the conditioning process, as well as the Little Albert experiment, in which he demonstrated that a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus. His research also revealed that this fear could be generalized to other similar objects. Early Life John B. Watson was born January 9, 1878, and grew up in South Carolina. While he later described himself as a poor student, he entered Furman University at the age of 16. After graduating five years later with a masters degree, he began studying psychology at the University of Chicago, earning his Ph.D. in psychology in 1903. Career Watson began teaching psychology at Johns Hopkins University in 1908. In 1913, he gave a seminal lecture at Columbia University titled Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, which essentially detailed the behaviorist position. According to Watson, psychology should be the science of observable behavior. Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness.â€"John B. Watson, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, 1913 The Little Albert Experiment In his most famous and controversial experiment, known today as the Little Albert experiment, John Watson and a graduate assistant named Rosalie Rayner conditioned a small child to fear a white rat. They accomplished this by repeatedly pairing the white rat with a loud, frightening clanging noise. They were also able to demonstrate that this fear could be generalized to other white, furry objects. The ethics of the experiment are often criticized today, especially because the childs fear was never deconditioned. In 2009, researchers were able to identify Little Albert as a boy named Douglas Merritte. Questioning what happened to the child had intrigued many for decades. Sadly, the researchers found that the child died at the age of six of hydrocephalus, a medical condition in which fluid builds up inside the skull. In 2012, researchers presented evidence that Merritte suffered from neurological impairments at the  time of the Little Albert experiment and that Watson may have knowingly misrepresented the boy as a healthy and normal infant. Leaving Academia Watson remained at Johns Hopkins University until 1920. He had an affair with Rayner, divorced his first wife, and was then asked by the university to resign his position. Watson later married Rayner and the two remained together until her death in 1935. After leaving his academic position, Watson began working for an advertising agency where he remained until he retired in 1945. During the latter part of his life, Watsons already poor relationships with his children grew progressively worse. He spent his last years living a reclusive life on a farm in Connecticut. Shortly before his death on September 25, 1958, he burned many of his unpublished personal papers and letters. Contributions to Psychology Watson set the stage for behaviorism, which soon rose to dominate psychology. While behaviorism began to lose its hold after 1950, many of the concepts and principles are still widely used today. Conditioning and behavior modification are still widely used in therapy and behavioral training to help clients change problematic behaviors and develop new skills. Achievements and Awards Watsons lifetime achievements and awards include: 1915â€"Served as the president of the American Psychological Association (APA)1919â€"Published Psychology From the Standpoint of a Behaviorist1925â€"Published Behaviorism1928â€"Published Psychological Care of Infant and Child1957â€"Received the APAs award for contributions to psychology Selected Publications Here are some of Watsons works for further reading: Watson JB.  Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It. In: Green CD, ed. Classics in the History of Psychology.  Psychological Review. 1913;20:158-177.Watson JB, Rayner R. Conditioned Emotional Reactions. In: Green CD, ed. Classics in the History of Psychology.  Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1920;3(1):1-14. Famous Quote Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might selectâ€"doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. I am going beyond my facts and I admit it, but so have the advocates of the contrary and they have been doing it for many thousands of years. â€"John B. Watson, Behaviorism, 1925

Personal Narrative - Music and I Essay - 2021 Words

Music and I Ever since I was a small child, I have loved music. The strong, steady beats, the entrancing melodies, and the lyrics that vary between heart-warming and heart-wrenching have always had an unexplainable affect on my life. Music seems to have the ability to change certain aspects of my world. If I am in a foul mood, an angry girl band can make my rotten attitude even more irresistibly awful. When I am happy, any sort of upbeat, dance-to-me kind of music enhances my joy that much more. I love to study to classical music, daydream to classical music, even sleep to classical music. Through my teen years, I became a fan of the often melodramatic country music that is still preset on my radio today. No matter what kind of†¦show more content†¦However, whenever someone is whistling it as they walk by or I hear it on a movie (who doesn’t love Beaches?), my heart soars and a smile creeps across my face as my eyes begin to swell. The song simply has the ability to bring back a million happy memories from my childhood within its first few notes. When my older sister got married, I wanted to do something special to remind her of our childhood and to take her mind off of the wedding stress as we were getting ready the day of the wedding. I thought back to all of the songs we loved when we were little, many of which were sung by the infamous one-hit-wonders of the eighties. I think each generation has songs that are popular to them and that they will never forget the lyrics to. However, if you mentioned the artists that sang them or the names of other songs they sang, no one would have a clue what you were saying. Still, the songs are precious to the people that grew up with them. When my sister and I listened to the CD I made for her in the limousine on the way to the ceremony, we were both brought right back to the days when we were growing up. Wedding seem to provide a perfect atmosphere for the sentimental music that is sometimes otherwise condemned as â€Å"cheesy.†My sister, as the Matron of Honor at my wedding, threw in two wonderful surprises as she was giving her toast. The first surprise was that my younger brother helped her, and the second surprise cameShow MoreRelatedMusic Tonight Short Story847 Words   |  4 PagesThe personal Narrative â€Å"Music Tonight† by Stephen Policoff is unusual because it is all about the daughter, but written from the father’s perspective. I was at first confused as to who the transformation would happen to, and it seems that both the father and daughter experience transformations within the piece, but because it is told from the father’s point of view we will focus on him being the character. At first, this story made me feel somber because I was sympathizing with the daughter, howeverRead MoreHow Social Media Shapes Musical Identities959 Words   |   4 Pagesanalyze and discuss how social media shapes musical identities. To do this I will use Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook to consider the interactions that happen through these mediums and also look into how this relationship can form musical identities. Thus, I will use interview subjects who I will film interviews with myself and I will also interview and use videos of fellow students on Mike Johnston’s online student page. I will use Jimmie Manning’s chapter in the book, Beyond New Media by HerbigRead MoreCree Poetic Discourse By Neal Mcleod1640 Words   |  7 Pageswestern academic writing approach harms the indigenous Cree narratives. According to McLeod, the Cree narrative process, which involves poetic thinking, embraces new possibilities and keeps changing (9). This evolution process not only depends on various occasions of speaking but also depends on different storytellers and audiences who absorb stories, thus allowing Cree poetic discourse to possess d ynamic feature (McLeod 9). Such dynamic narrative approach compresses space, like Neal McLeod, said, â€Å"LikeRead MoreJazz Influence On Jazz1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Jazz in Toni Morrison’s Novel Jazz â€Å"It is only in his music [ ... ] that the Negro in America has been able to tell his story.† James Baldwin. â€Å"Jazz has been a part of a proud African American tradition for over 100 years. A robust, rhythmic under-structure, blue notes, solos, â€Å"call-and response† patterns, and improvisation of melody all characterize jazz music.† In Jà ¼rgen Grandt’s analysis, he states that in order to use jazz to look at African American literature, the criticalRead MoreReflection1179 Words   |  5 Pagespaper. Although my writing process takes a long time, I have complete power over the sentences and structures that I am weaving together to form a cohesive whole. Throughout High School, I was trained to write a structured essay in an ample amount of time by writing, editing, and finalizing my draft. Most of our work involved writing individual essays and research papers in which I developed a strong foundation in. However, I realized that I lacked experience in group work as well as oral communicationRead More I Hate Narrative Essays1154 Words   |  5 Pages I stared at the blinking cursor, unbelieving at what I had just done. I was indeed done; done with a paper I agonized over for 6 hours. The paper was due in a scant 4 hours and I had all week to do it. The radio had stopped working because my brother got on the Internet and thus cut off my connection. That was the least of my problems working on this paper. I got it done, though. My life changed with one trip of a teacher to the chalkboard and one phrase, narrative essay. God, I hate narrativeRead MoreImportance Of Personal Writing915 Words   |  4 Pageswith writing effectively. I had absolutely no interest in learning to write, which was mostly because of how difficult it was to me. Often, I found it boring. As I got older, I found interest in music and poetry, sparking my interest to learn to write like musicians and poets. Up until that point, I had always been writing papers for school, often to write research papers or to write forced narratives. I never wrote anything for my self until about junior year in high school. I did always enjoy readingRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Documentaries Essay examples838 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Of Two Documentaries I will be analysing two very different types of documentary, Dogtown and the Z-Boys, which takes the role of being a full length movie type documentary, and Teenage Transsexuals which was recently shown on Channel 4. Dogtown and the Z-Boys is a documentary which takes a look at the transformation of surfing into skateboarding. The film follows the evolution of skating through its heyday in the 70s, to its decline in the 80sRead MoreWhy so Pale and Wan, Fond Lover? by Sir John Suckling741 Words   |  3 Pagesout to the young man. If this was a narrative it would have frankly been objective and no personal opinion will be in the poem. Because of the subjective nature of the poem it is more lyrical than narrative. Alliteration has been used by the poet to add harmony to the poem. â€Å"Why so pale and wan, fond lover?†. The sound of ‘W’ has been repeated. This alliteration used throughout the poem brings out the musicality of the poem. There is a strange but beautiful music within the words. The beauty of thoughtsRead MoreAntwone Fisher Symbolism1142 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the two movies, Gus Van Sant and Denzel Washington used both language and stylistic features to present the idea of a personal journey, in particular, through the use of symbolism. In the film, Antwone fisher, Washington uses a symbol of women. The beginning of the film shows how Antwone was mistreated and abused as a child through flashbacks. In this case the symbol of women is used to symbolise worthlessness and insignificance as he is abused and beaten by his foster mother and raped

Descriptive Essay On Patriots Day - 1448 Words

Patriot’s Day is an official state holiday commemorating the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord which marked the first shots of the Revolutionary War. Since 1969, the holiday has been celebrated on the third Monday of April in the states of Massachusetts and Maine. It marks a three-day weekend for these citizens. The biggest celebration on Patriot’s Day is the Boston Marathon, which has been a tradition since 1897. When people think of Boston, they usually think of the Red Sox. Their fan base is so passionate and loyal no matter how poorly the team performs. Every Patriot’s Day, the Red Sox play on their home field at 11 A.M which than leads to all of the Bostonians watching the Boston Marathon. At the start of the 2013†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Four days later, after an intense manhunt that shut down the Boston area, police captured one of the bombing suspects, whose older brother and fellow suspect, died following a shootout with law enforcement earlier that same day†( History). Boston’s response to the marathon bombings – which saved lives, maintained order, eventually captured the lone surviving suspect, and brought a community together to heal, all in less than a week was what truly made the city â€Å"strong.† When news spread to the Red Sox while they were on the road, players took action immediately. They asked clubhouse workers to sew â€Å"617’, which is the Boston area code, on the back of a road jersey. The next day, the jersey hung in their dugout with â€Å"Boston† above the area code and â€Å"Strong† below it. Head coach John Farrell stated in a press conference that â€Å"Even though we may not be in Boston right now, we carry this with us. We feel very much a part of the city and the community and everything that goes on there.† The Red Sox ended up winning that game by a score of 7-2. While the city was healing, baseball was a distraction to keep everyone calm. The Red Sox are a way of life in Boston and this could help fans in sorrow and pain. The team returned home on April 20th, for a series against the Kansas City Royals. The day before the game, first responders and the volunteers to the terrorist attack met in front of the Green Monster to help roll a massive American flag. The next day, there

5 Revision Tips For International and ESL Students Free Essays

Revision for exams is a daunting and unwelcome task for any student; however if you are an International or ESL student studying in a foreign county, revision might be even more challenging than normal. Fortunately our site recognises this difficulty and have helped thousands of ESL or international students to revise effectively and to pass their exams with amazing success. Here are our top tips Revision Tips For International and ESL Students: Improve Your Vocabulary Most ESL students write using their existing vocabulary – words that come to you without much thought. We will write a custom essay sample on 5 Revision Tips For International and ESL Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is understandable because, as you write and think you have to juggle many things in your mind; however, sometimes this can sound too casual or disjointed in an essay. Instead you can improve your writing by up-grading, or improving, your vocabulary: use a highlighter pen when revising to mark certain vocabulary items. For example, yellow for nouns, green for verbs, and other colours for adjectives, transitions and so on. Go through your work and ask yourself: â€Å"Is that word the best I can do?† Do the words actually express what I want to convey? Either you can think more carefully about words you know or go to a thesaurus. A thesaurus is a book like a dictionary except that it lists words of the same meaning. You can buy print versions, Roget’s Thesaurus being the most famous, but most electronic dictionaries and computers have them. Not all examples in a thesaurus will mean the same thing so you need to cross-reference with a dictionary to make sure it is the meaning you really want. Create a Checklist of Your Weaknesses This is fairly simple: understand what kinds of mistakes you make or habits you have that weaken your writing. If you don’t know, look back at any work that has been corrected by a tutor, or speak to you tutor directly about this. Often the same mistakes are madeDo you forget or mix up articles (a, an, the)This can help you to create a checklists of your mistakes you could use. Make a list of these things, keep it somewhere prominent and refer to it when you check your writing. ‘Listen’ to Your Essay As you write and re-read your work, your eye and brain become used to seeing the words. In some cases you become too familiar with your own writing so you miss small mistakes. Read your own writing aloud (in English) will help, but you have to vocalise, or say, the words clearly. As you do this you may catch some things. But, the next step is important. You can also try recording yourself reading your essay and then play back the recording. This will help you to: catch small mistakes (articles, tenses, grammar etc.) realise the rhythm of your writing is too monotonous (similar word length etc.) find you don’t move smoothly between ideas and sections (transitions) see (hear, actually) you have used the same word too much or the words are too simple (vocabulary) Pause and make corrections to your writing as you listen, and do it a number of times to be sure. At first you may be shy doing this recording and even shocked at hearing yourself speaking in a foreign language, but it is a good exercise to do. Check Spelling Backwards! Computers can check spelling for you but electronic spell checks are not perfect. Firstly, spell check using your computer, then read your writing backwards, in reverse. When we read we group words together in our mind. We do not (or should not) read each single word individually, so we might overlook spelling mistakes or omissions in the process. Reading from back to front makes us focus on individual words and we can more easily pick mistakes. Find a Friend It is advisable to have another person read your final essay before you submit it. If it is someone in the same class or who has the same assignment you can do it as an exchange. A native speaker of the language would also be helpful, but perhaps too helpful. A native speaker who is not a teacher might tend to do too much work for you and you will not benefit in the long-term. Find a friend who is willing to spend some time on your writing and give you constructive comments, advice and criticism. If you are a friend, be honest about where you think improvements can be made. If you are the writer, be open to criticism and consider the advice you are given. Both of you would benefit from the task of peer review, which is what we call this. A peer is someone who is equal to you such as a classmate or fellow student. Often a peer can give you much more feedback than a teacher who might have many papers to check. How to cite 5 Revision Tips For International and ESL Students, Essay examples

Smith Essays - Psychology, To Write Love On Her Arms,

Smith -1- A Friend With Multiple Personalities The variance in personalities can be as massive as an ocean or as microscopic as an atom. Most people think of personalities as distinctive. I have found distinctive does not necessarily describe personalities. Renee is a friend of mine who has a very wide variance in personality. Renee's personality can change within a matter of minutes. She calls me daily with a seemingly innocent conversation. The conversation always starts with simple inquires about the general health of family and friends. Suddenly, as if possessed by some demonic force, she will insult other people that we both know. She says things that I personally know to be untrue. When I try to point out what she is doing, she turns her anger toward me. At any point during a telephone conversation, she can exhibit any one of three different personality aspects. Each of these personality aspects demonstrates individual distinctions. One person can have multiple personalities. In fact, my friend has three aspects of her pers onality. The three are the friend forever, the crybaby, and the rattlesnake personalities. The friend forever personality is the one with which I am most familiar. When she displays this personality, she concerns herself with others, she is willing to help out, and she always has a dry shoulder to loan for crying. Renee so easily fits into this category. Most days, she is a very loving and caring individual. She concerns herself with the welfare of others. While in this personality, Renee goes out of her way to call Smith -2- and inquire about the health of others. She offers her help in any situation. She may not be physically able to change a flat tire for a person, but she will hold the light so the person can see how to change the tire for themself. Renee always has a dry shoulder on which someone can cry without invitation. She will listen to a friend's problem for hours without complaint. Renee is the type person who will go to the ends of the Earth for a friend. However, this is only one of Renee's personalities. Unfortunately, she has more than one from which to choose. The crybaby personality is another of my friend's multiple personalities. This personality is the one I find most confusing. When Renee is in her crybaby modality, she is unsatisfied and depressed, and she complains about everything. I have never seen my friend satisfied when she was being a crybaby. She can be a fifty percent winner of the lottery, and she obsesses over the fact that she is not the sole winner. Renee is a very depressed person. She often cries without rationale. When Renee is being a crybaby, she complains about everything in life. Someone can offer her a job making millions of dollars per day, and she will complain about the drive to work. My friend is not always a crybaby. Sometimes she is worse. The rattlesnake is the least desirable of Renee's personalities. She is a real demon with this personality. Renee routinely insults others, acts superior, and starts rumors. Renee insults other people for spite. She makes objectionable remarks about their appearance or disposition. She goes out of her way to tell a complete stranger their clothes don't match. Renee acts superior towards others. She acts pompous toward a Smith -3- person who has been her friend for years. While in public, she will snob an old friend. Renee starts rumors without remorse. She tells complete lies about other individuals just to see how much trouble she can cause. She calls the police and tells them someone has stolen her jewelry while the jewelry is still on her person. Each personality has its own distinctions. If Renee has more than one aspect to her personality, is it possible that we all have multiple aspects to our personalities? We should all take the time to think about our actions. Someone just may be watching. The someone who might be watching may be inside of us.

Free Essays on Protagonist Abner Snopes

Gundareva 1 Marina Gundareva English 112 Mrs. S. Grant October 8, 2003 Protagonist Abner Snopes In 1939, William Faulkner writes â€Å"Barn Burning†. The story reflects the life of the people living in Mississippi during the period of â€Å"social, economic, and cultural tumult, the decade of Great Depression† (Mary E. Byrne) The main theme in â€Å"Barn Burning† concerns the relationships between father- Abner Snopes and his son- Sarty Snopes, shows the social and economic injustice that happens â€Å"between the white landowners and the white tenant farmers†, â€Å"the racial distinction between black and whites† (Mary E. Byrne). The plot in â€Å"Barn Burning† depicts a story of a family that is in the lowest social class and endures financial difficulties. Abner Snope’s attempts for better life do not lead to anything and his family has nothing left to do but travel all over the country in search of new farms which they can lend and maybe make some money just enough to merely survive. Abner Snopes is a poor sharecropper; he i s smart enough to understand that his social status is never going to improve, and that his children’s future holds only hard work. Abner Snope’s complex characterization by Faulkner proves that the social position of his family, inability to provide the members of his family with better life environment leads to the frustration and makes him to become a rebel barn burner; protagonist Abner Snopes turns into antagonist only due to the social and economic pressure the society puts on him. Gundareva 2 Abner Snopes is one of the main characters in William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning†. William Faulkner shows the nature of Abner Snopes through his attitude towards his family and towards society he lives in. Abner Snopes has four children whose destiny is a great concern of his. Abner Snopes, a person with â€Å"wolf-like independence and even courage† (495), becomes discouraged when in spite of his hard w... Free Essays on Protagonist Abner Snopes Free Essays on Protagonist Abner Snopes Gundareva 1 Marina Gundareva English 112 Mrs. S. Grant October 8, 2003 Protagonist Abner Snopes In 1939, William Faulkner writes â€Å"Barn Burning†. The story reflects the life of the people living in Mississippi during the period of â€Å"social, economic, and cultural tumult, the decade of Great Depression† (Mary E. Byrne) The main theme in â€Å"Barn Burning† concerns the relationships between father- Abner Snopes and his son- Sarty Snopes, shows the social and economic injustice that happens â€Å"between the white landowners and the white tenant farmers†, â€Å"the racial distinction between black and whites† (Mary E. Byrne). The plot in â€Å"Barn Burning† depicts a story of a family that is in the lowest social class and endures financial difficulties. Abner Snope’s attempts for better life do not lead to anything and his family has nothing left to do but travel all over the country in search of new farms which they can lend and maybe make some money just enough to merely survive. Abner Snopes is a poor sharecropper; he i s smart enough to understand that his social status is never going to improve, and that his children’s future holds only hard work. Abner Snope’s complex characterization by Faulkner proves that the social position of his family, inability to provide the members of his family with better life environment leads to the frustration and makes him to become a rebel barn burner; protagonist Abner Snopes turns into antagonist only due to the social and economic pressure the society puts on him. Gundareva 2 Abner Snopes is one of the main characters in William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning†. William Faulkner shows the nature of Abner Snopes through his attitude towards his family and towards society he lives in. Abner Snopes has four children whose destiny is a great concern of his. Abner Snopes, a person with â€Å"wolf-like independence and even courage† (495), becomes discouraged when in spite of his hard w...

Offering Help in English for ESL Learners

Offering Help in English for ESL Learners There are a number of formulas used when offering help in English. Here are some of the most common: May I help you?Can I help you?Are you looking for something?Would you like some help?Do you need some help?What can I do for you today? After you study these constructions, take the offering help quiz to check your understanding. Construction Formula Verb Form May I help you? Use May I or Can I the base form of the verb in a statement. Are you looking for something? Use Are you looking for something OR anything in particular OR specific object Would you like some help? Use Would you like some help OR some advice OR a recommendation Do you need some help? Use Do you need some help OR some advice OR a recommendation What can I do for you today? Use What can I do for you, her, him, etc. today OR this morning, this afternoon, this evening

ClamDoor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ClamDoor - Essay Example The company found out that to increase traffic to ClamDoor.com marketing campaign should be the most efficient idea to implement which will in turn grow direct sales to homeowners. They believe in speed, quality service and investing in high-quality machinery, which increases productivity. A SWOT analysis shows that ClamDoor lack a well-organized manufacturing process, the use of single mold system is incapable of increasing production in case of high demand. Moreover, they products are easy to install, installation tips and guides are always on the website. Products are highly priced compared to their competitors whose prices are much lower. ClamDoor’s lowest priced cellar door is $1,490. Roughly, double the price of the top selling cellar door Bilco Classic Series, Powder Coated Steel Door. A projection shows that they will use a budget of up to $42,000 to make a profit of $48,000. The projections solely depend on the assumptions that the company’s sales will increase , and production cost will reduce. In addition, they make utility by assuming that there will be no interferences from the government and industry regulation, and production will increase. The company strategy understands that technology has changed for the past years and is still changing and perceives that internet strategy must be seriously covered; a good website must be developed immediately. They manufacture high-quality bulkheads that are 100% weather-tight and energy efficient with 100% fiberglass. The ClamDoors are durable and do not rust, they are easy to install and weigh much less than steel doors (Akyol 4). ClamDoor’s main objective is to build a brand awareness to expand market share on local and international level. Other objectives are to reduce production costs in order to reduce product cost, to access the total cost of sales through large retailers and increase online orders at their website. ClamDoor

Major depression with poly-substance abuse Assignment

Major depression with poly-substance abuse - Assignment Example He had emotional problems and would cry even for silly reasons according to his wife. He had no job, despite being a graduate. The last job he did was an year ago after which he did not try for any new employment. For the past one week, James ate very little food, was restless most of the times, had easy fatigability and complained of tiredness several times. He was brought to the hospital in view of deteriorating health status. On examination, James appeared dehydrated and confused. He appeared unhygienic, dirty and unattended. he had poor oral hygiene. Pulse rate was 100 per minute, respiratory rate was 20 per minute, blood pressure was 130/90mmHg. He was afebrile. He had pallor and icterus. Systemic examination revealed tenderness in the right hypochondriac region. James was admitted to the psychiatric ward and investigations were sent. Complete blood picture revealed mild iron deficiency anemia, liver function tests were suggestive of acute hepatitis, urine analysis was suggestive of marijuana abuse. Ultrasound abdomen revealed acute fatty liver. James has Major Depressive Disorder or MDD. The condition is a common mental illness that falls into the category of mood disorders. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV, 2000, diagnosis of MDD is made as in table-1. Depressed mood, irritability, low self esteem, feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt, decreased ability to concentrate and think, decreased or increased appetite, weight loss or weight gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy, fatigue, or increased agitation, decreased interest in pleasurable stimuli (e.g., sex, food, social interactions) and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide The importance of MDD lies in the fact that it causes considerable impairment in social functioning, role functioning, employment and physical health of the afflicted person (Wells et al, 1989). Experts are of the opinion that depression is actually a

Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research Essay -- Argumentative Pers

Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research    Why is the mainstream media significantly downplaying exciting scientific discoveries with adult stem cells? This essay hopes to adequately answer that question. Here's the scoop: As originally reported late last year in the medical journal Blood, Dr. Catherine M. Verfaillie and other researchers at the Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, have discovered a way to coax an adult cell found in the bone marrow to exhibit many of the attributes that supposedly make embryonic stem cells irreplaceable to the development future "miracle" medical therapies(Catherine). While there is still much research to be done, "multi-potent adult progenitor cells" (MAPCs) appear to be versatile, that is, capable of transforming into different types of tissues. (In a culture dish, the cells can be coaxed into becoming muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, or different types of neurons in the brain.) They are also malleable, meaning they can do so relatively easily. They also exhibit the "immortality" valued in embryonic cells, that is to say, they seem capable of being transformed into cell lines that can be maintained indefinitely. At the same time, these adult cells do not appear to present the acute danger associated with embryonic stem cells: the tendency to grow uncontrollably causing tumors or even cancers. This should be a big story considering the intense controversy over embryonic-stem-cell research (ESCR) and the coming attempt in the United States Senate to outlaw human cloning (S.790). Indeed, the New York Times and Washington Post consider embryonic-stem-cell research so important - including the manufacture and use of human-clone embryos in such experiments - that both hav... ...hat the biotech researchers say more "true" then whatever cloning/ESCR opponents may argue - regardless of the actual evidence. Finally, clout in public-policy disputes usually boils down to money. Quite often, reporters don't find stories; stories find reporters. That is how PR firms make the big bucks; being paid quite handsomely to alert journalists to stories their clients' want covered. In this fight, Big Biotech's very deep pockets almost guarantee coverage that is skewed in favor of destroying human embryos in experiments and permitting the creation of human-research clones. Sources Consulted: "Catherine Verfaillie"   http://www1.umn.edu/stemcell/sci/page/fac-mbr/verfaillie/verfaillie.shtml New Scientist   http://www.newscientist.com/ New York Times   http://www.nytimes.com/auth/login?URI=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/25/science/25STEM.html

Busy city sidewalks Essay

Yellow taxis and wide streets; hot dog stands on every corner; Central Park covered in a blanket of snow; the Statue of liberty and all of its glamour; the bright lights of Times Square; world’s famous designers shops on 5th Avenue and last, but not least ice skating on a central park – this is what comes to mind when I picture New York City†¦.. I haven’t traveled to a city that can even come close to comparing to Manhattan. I haven’t travelled to manhattan to, but this is the only place in the world i would like to visit. I would no hesitate to choose Britain. The main reason why I would choose Britain as my destination is that I want to visit London and Cambridge. After all that travelling you must be wondering about the kind of food that is unique to Melaka. A good Malaysian hostess like me is bound to tell you about those delicious desserts that Melaka has to offer. Walking along Jonker Street in the heat, you will certainly enjoy the tasty dessert of cendol. This is a green colored jelly (made from rice flour) in the shape of worms and served with shaved ice, coconut milk and palm sugar. The cendol can be served in a bowl or sometimes in a glass. This one shop I went to served it in a specially paper container shaped like a durian. The cendol may look a bit strange to you but believe me, it tastes great! Nyonya kuih as the name suggests originated from the Nyonyas, the descendants of the Chinese Immigrants who came with Admiral Zheng He. The Nyonya kuih are bite sized desserts made from ground rice flour and usually steamed and can be sweet or savory. A Famosa or â€Å"The Famous† in Portuguese is a fortress located in Melaka. It is among the oldest surviving architectural remains in Asia. All that is left of the mighty fortress is this tiny gate. In 1511, the Portuguese fleet under the command of Alfonso De Alberquerque attacked and defeated the native ruler of Melaka. He had a fortress built around a natural hill near the sea. The fortress is one of the places to visit in Melaka that every visitor must not miss. To have a better understanding of the Chinese influence, one of the best places to visit in Melaka is the  Admiral Cheng Ho’s museum. The museum displays the life and times of the historic Ming dynaasty admiral whose voyage to this part of the world played an important role in the Melaka sultanate. The rooms like Tea House and Treasure Ship Living Cabin will offer you a glimpse of his life. The museum located in Jalan Hang Jebat is in a central location and easy to get to from wherever you are staying. Admission fee is RM 10 for adults and RM 5 for students and children. This is one of the best places to visit for a bit of history lesson on Melaka and should be included for your family vacation. Another attraction of Jonker Street are the rickshaws. The are almost extinct now as modes of transport with highways, air-conditioned taxis and buses. Tourists are game to try a ride in these colorfully decorated trishaws equipped with stereo systems and loudly blaring the latest pop songs. A ride in a a trishaw is one of the things to do in Melaka that will be remembered for a long time. A family vacation would not be complete without a trishaw ride. This is your once-in-a-lifetime ride on this outdated mode of transport to get around the places to visit in Melaka. After all it may not be around forever as less and less people are taking up this trade. Don’t be too shocked when you hear Beyonce providing you the musical accompaniment as you sit in your trishaw, lol. Jonker Street, a narrow street located in Chinatown is one of the top ten places to visit in Melaka. It has some of the oldest houses dating to the 17th century. This street is famous for its antique goods with its past associations with Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and British. You can find Chinese porcelain pieces, old coins, unusual lamps and various Buddha statues. The history of Melaka began with a simple fishing village inhabited by local Malays. In the fourteenth century, a Hindu prince, Parameswara was driven from his home in Palembang by Javanese enemies and found himself in this small village. According to legend, he was resting under a gray tree while hunting when one of his dogs cornered a mouse deer. In self defense, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the mouse deer and feeling it was the sign of a good omen, Parameswara decided to build an empire at that very spot. He could see it was strategically located to be an excellent trading port. He named the place after the tree he was sheltering under, the Melaka tree. Another version of the story tells of Parameswara choosing the name Malacca from the Tamil word â€Å"mallakka† which means upside down. Old illustrations of the dog and mouse deer shows the dog falling on its back into the river which gave him the idea of the name Malacca. Some of the best places to visit in Melaka, Malaysia recounts the influence of the rule of the Portuguese, Dutch and British colonial powers. Besides the European colonial powers, the Chinese came to trade and settle down with the local Malays. It is one of the top historical places in Malaysia not to be missed. After all, at the height of its prominence, Bandar Melaka or Melaka City was an important port along the Straits of Malacca This historical city has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008 and listed among45 â€Å"must visit† places by the New York Times. A World Heritage Site is a place that is of special cultural or physical significance. Melaka gained fame mainly because of its strategic location as a good port accessible in all seasons and situated at the narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. It was formerly named Malacca and some still refer to this popular name. Allow me to be your guide on this tour of the ten best places to see in Melaka. I am sure you will be fascinated by its rich historical background. For those who want to experience the traditional way of life in a Malaysian village, you can be a guest at a Melaka Homestay. For those who prefer to  rent an apartment in Melaka, there is the Malacca Homestay Apartment which is near the city center. The strategic location of Malacca meant that it was an important stop for Chinese admiral Zheng Ho’s fleet during the Ming dynasty. In order to enhance better relationships, a delegation was led by the Princess Hang Li Po to marry Sultan Mansur Shah who reigned from 1456 until 1477. This resulted in a mass settlement of Chinese people which led to a community of Peranakan or Baba-Nyonya. Nyonya are for the ladies while Baba are for the men. This community identify themselves as descendants of the late 15th and 16th century Chinese immigrants. Some have intermarried with the local Malays and are usually traders. Most of those descended from the early settlers speak two or more languages and towards later generations have assimilated to the Malay culture with their own particular way of dressing as well as cooking style. Why not stay at The Baba House Hotel Malacca Town which is traditionally designed based on the culture of Baba-Nyonya.

What are the key purposes of using Accounting Ratios in Finance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4500 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? What is accounting ratios? Accounting ratios are the ratios which used in calculation and indicate the relationship between figures from the financial statements of a company. The financial statements are the statements that summarized a companys activities either quarterly or annually. It consists of a profit and loss account and a balance sheet. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What are the key purposes of using Accounting Ratios in Finance" essay for you Create order In accounting, accounting ratios are often used in interpreting and evaluating a companys overall financial condition and business performance. Accounting ratios are classified into 5 categories for measuring 5 different aspects of business performance. The 5 aspects are shown as follow: Profitability of company Liquidity of company Asset management of company Debts management and capital gearing of company Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders 1.1 Profitability of company Gross profit markup Gross profit markup (%) = Gross Profit x 100 Cost of goods sold Gross profit margin Gross profit margin (%) = Gross profit x 100 Net sales value Operating profit margin on sales Operating profit margin (%) = Operating profit before interest and before taxation x 100 Net sales value Profit margin on sales Profit margin on sales (%) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Net sales value Basic earning power (BEP) Basic earning power (BEP) = Operating profit before interest and before taxation x 100 Total assets Return on total assets (ROA) Return on total assets (ROA) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Total assets Return on total equity (ROE) Return on total equity (ROE) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Common equity 1.2 Liquidity of company Current ratio / Working capital ratio Current ratio / Working capital ratio = Current assets Current liabilities Liquid ratio / quick ratio / acid-test ratio Liquid ratio / quick ratio / acid-test ratio = Liquid assets Current liabilities 1.3 Asset management of company Inventory turnover or stock turnover Inventory turnover or stock turnover = Cost of sales Average stock value Fixed asset turnover Fixed asset turnover = Net sales Fixed assets net book value Total assets turnover Total assets turnover = Net sales Total assets Debtor ratio Debtor ratio = Debtor Credit sales Debtor payment period Debtor payment period = Debtor x 365 days/ 52 weeks / 12 months Credit sales Days sales outstanding (DSO) Days sales outstanding (DSO) = Debtor x 365 days Credit sales 1.4 Debts management and capital gearing of company Debts ratio Debts ratio = Total debts Total assets Capital gearing ratio Capital gearing ratio = Prior charge debts capital Total capital Debts equity ratio Debts equity ratio = Total debts Common Equity Times interest earned Times interest earned = Profit before interest and before taxation Interest charges Creditor ratio Creditor ratio = Creditor Credit purchase Creditor payment period Creditor payment period = Creditor x 365 days / 52 weeks / 12 months Credit purchase 1.5 Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders/ common stockholders Earnings per share Earnings per share = Net income available to common stockholders Number of ordinary shares in issue Price / Earnings ratio Price / Earnings ratio = Market price per ordinary share Earnings per share Dividend cover Dividend cover = Earnings per share Net ordinary dividend per share Earning yield Earning yield = Gross earnings per share x 100 Market price per ordinary share Dividend yield Dividend yield = Gross ordinary dividend per share x 100 Market price per ordinary share Price / cash flow ratio Price / cash flow ratio = Market price per ordinary share Net cash inflow per ordinary share Market price / book value ratio Market price / book value ratio = Market price per ordinary share Net book value per ordinary share 1.6 Companys background Gamuda was incorporated on 6 October 1976. It was listed on the main board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) on 10 August 1992. In Malaysia, Gamuda is a leading infrastructure group. It has a wide range of business activities all over the world. Its core competencies are engineering and construction, infrastructure concessions, and also township development. Besides, they have mega projects such as internationally acclaimed SMART (Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel), intra-urban highways, Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit System in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and so on. On the other hand, WCT was incorporated on 14 January 1981 as WCT Earthworks Building Contractors Sdn Bhd. Then, it went public on 1 April 1994 and listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) on 16 February 1995. The business nature of WCT Berhad contains engineering and construction, property development, and also assets management. The business coverage of WCT is in Malaysia and abroad. Its projects and serv ices include F1 international racing circuit, international airport, hydroelectric dam, township planning development and so on. Then, the next step is applying the accounting ratios to calculate the 2 companiess business performance. The companies are Gamuda Berhad and WCT Berhad. In order to compare these 2 companies, the selection is inter-firm which is comparing based on the industry average. It is because they have the same business nature. Before doing comparison, a person must obtain the financial statements of a company. In general, the financial statements are released in annually basis, but some of the companies are quarterly basis. Financial statements are the vital resource for a researcher used to calculate and compare the companies business performance. The financial statements adopted from Gamuda Berhads annual report 2010, whereas WCT Berhad is 2009. Figures inside the income statement and balance sheet are used in apply to the accounting ratio in calculating pu rposes. After done the calculation, there is a standard weigh available in each accounting ratio to interpret the data. Each answer generated is referring to the weigh in comparison and generate a comment. These 2 annual reports of Gamuda and WCT are adopted from their official website in the column of the investor relations. The website address of Gamuda is https://www.gamuda.com.my, whereas website address of WCT is www.wct.com.my. 1.7 Calculation worksheet Types of ratio Calculation of Gamuda Berhad Calculation of WCT Berhad Profitability Gross profit markup (%) = Gross profit x 100 Cost of goods sold = RM 422976000 x 100 RM 2032167000 = 20.81 % = RM 354659000 x 100 RM 4311943000 = 8.23 % Gross profit margin (%) = Gross profit x 100 Net sales value = RM 422976000 x 100 RM 2455143000 = 17.23 % = RM 354659000 x 100 RM 4666602000 = 7.60% Operating profit margin on sales (%) Operating profit before = interest before taxation x100 Net sales value = RM 259852000 x 100 RM 2455143000 = 10.58% = RM 244145000 x 100 RM 4666602000 = 5.23 % Profit margin on sales (%) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Net sales value = RM 280693000 x 100 RM 2455143000 = 11.43 % = RM 147098000 x 100 RM 4666602000 = 3.15 % Basic earning power (BEP) = Operating profit before Interest and before taxation x100 Total assets = RM 259852000 x 100 RM 6550910000 =3.97% = RM 244145000 x 100 RM4478484 000 = 5.45 % Return on total assets (ROA) = Net income available to common stockholders x100 Total assets = RM 280693000 x 100 RM 6550910000 = 4.28% = RM 147098000 x 100 RM 4478484000 = 3.28 % Return on total equity (ROE) =Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Common equity = RM 280693000 x 100 RM 325752500 = 8.62 % = RM 147098000 x 100 RM 1250246000 = 11.77 % Liquidity Current ratio = Current assets Current liabilities = RM 4203173000 RM 1930241000 = 2.18 : 1 = RM 2553187000 RM 1807550000 = 1.41 : 1 Acid-test ratio = Liquid assets Current liabilities =RM4123435000 RM1930241000 = 2.14 : 1 = RM 2439478000 RM 1807550000 = 1.35 : 1 Asset Management Inventory turnover = Cost of sales Average stock value = RM 2032167000 RM 79738000 = 25.49 times = RM 4311943000 RM 113709000 = 37.92 times Total assets turnover = Net sales Total assets = RM 2455143000 RM 6550910000 = 0.37 times = RM 4666602000 RM 4478484000 = 1.04 times Debtor ratio =Debtor Credit sales = RM 1607772000 RM 2455143000 = 0.65 : 1 = RM 1472655000 RM 4666602000 = 0.32 : 1 Day sales outstanding (DSO) =Debtor x 365 days Credit sales = 0.65 x 365 days = 237.52 days = 0.32 x 365 days = 116.8 days Debts management and capital gearing of company Debts ratio = Total debts Total assets = RM 3243187000 RM 6550910000 = 0.50 : 1 = RM 2991508000 RM 4478484000 = 0.67 : 1 Debts equity ratio = Total debts Common equity = RM 3243187000 RM 3257525000 = 1 : 1 = RM 2991508000 RM 1250246000 = 2.39 : 1 Times interest earned = Profit before interest and before taxation Interest charges = RM 259852000 RM 43813000 = 5.93 times = RM 24414500 RM 50308000 = 4.85 times Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders Earnings per share = Net income available to common stockholders Number of ordinary shares in issues = RM 280693000 2025888000 shares = RM 0.14 = RM 147098000 777712000 shares = RM 0.19 Price earnings ratio = Market price per ordinary share Earnings per share = RM 3.20 per share RM 0.14 per share = 22.86 times = RM 2.60 per share RM 0.19 per share = 13.68 times Earnings yield = Gross earnings per share x 100 Market price per ordinary share = (100/75 x RM 0.14) x 100 RM 3.20 = 5.83 % = (100/75 x RM 0.19)x 100 RM 2.60 = 9.74 % Market price per book value = Market price per ordinary share Net book value per ordinary share = RM 3.20 per share (RM 325752500 / 2025888000 shares) = RM 3.20 RM 1.61 = 1.99 : 1 = RM 2.60 per share (RM 1250246000 / 777712000 shares) = RM 2.60 RM 1.61 = 1.61 : 1 1.8 Ratios comparison between Gamuda and WCT 1.81 Profitability Gross profit markup and gross profit margin Based on the profitability ratios calculations result generated above, Gamuda Company is generating higher profit compared to WCT Company. The both gross profit markup and gross profit margin of Gamuda is higher than WCT. High gross profit earned by Gamuda shows that it has effective and efficient control in lowering its purchasing cost and production cost. Lower gross profit earned by WCT indicates it does not effective and efficient control in lowering its purchasing cost and production cost. Besides, both operating profit margin and profit margin on sales of Gamuda is higher than WCT. Higher profit margin earned by Gamuda shows it has an effective control in lowering its expenditures and interest cost. Whereas it indicates WCT is ineffective in controlling its expenditures and interest cost. Basic earning power, return on total assets, and return on common equity However, in basic earning power and return on common equity, Gam uda is lower than WCT. Return of asset of Gamuda is slightly higher 1 % than WCT only, which is 4.28 % and 3.28 % respectively. It shows that WCT is generating higher profit regarding to its effective and efficient in using its assets and capital in the business. In contrast, Gamuda is ineffective and inefficient in employing its assets and capital. 1.82 Liquidity Current ratio In liquidity aspect, the current ratio of Gamuda and WCT is 2.18: 1 and 1.41: 1 respectively. If the current ratio is higher than average of industry, it means a company has a larger amount of current assets to pay its current liabilities. Besides, it proves that a company has a stable financial condition. In contrast, when current ratio is lower than average of industry, it shows the companys financial condition is unstable. The company has lower amount of current assets to pay its current liabilities. Acid test ratio On the other hand, acid test ratio of Gamuda is 2.14: 1, whereas WCT is 1.35: 1. When a companys acid test ratio is higher than average of industry, it shows that it has larger amount of liquid assets to pay its current liabilities. In contrast, lower acid test ratio shows a company has lower amount of liquid assets to pay its current liabilities. 1.83 Asset management Inventory turnover In asset management aspect, the inventory turnover of Gamuda is 25.49 times and WCT is 37.92 times. Higher inventory turnover shows that a company experiences fast stock turnover, so stocks are not accumulated, and no money to be tied up. WCT has a higher inventory turnover than Gamuda. It means that WCT has fast turnover, less stocks to be accumulated, and less money to be tied up compared to Gamuda. Total assets turnover Besides, total assets turnover of Gamuda is 0.37 times, and WCT is 1.04 times. Total assets turnover of WCT is higher than Gamuda. WCT has higher sales generated from its business due to its effective asset usage which increases the production volume. Debtor ratio days sales outstanding Debtor ratio of Gamuda is 0.65: 1, and WCT is 0.32: 1. Besides, the day sales outstanding of Gamuda are 237.5 days, and WCT is 116.8 days. Higher debtor ratio and day sales outstanding shows that Gamuda gives a longer credit time to its debtors w hich cause a longer time to collect back the money. Gamuda may accumulate the debts balance and experiences shortage of money which unable to finance its current liabilities. In contrast, WCT has a lower debtor ratio and day sales outstanding. It has shorter debtor payment period, experience less debts balance, and less money to be tied up from its debtors. 1.84 Debts management and capital gearing Debtor ratio In debts management and capital gearing aspect, WCT has a higher debts ratio compared to Gamuda. The higher debts ratio shows that a company experiences heavy debts and high interest cost. It may cause a company unable to pay back the debts, and forced to sell its assets to pay. Debts equity ratio Debts equity ratio is used to measure the proportion of company debts with its common equity. Both Gamuda and WCT debts equity ratio is higher than 0.5:1, but WCT is higher than Gamuda which are 2.39:1 and 1;1 respectively. It means these 2 companies operate at a high gear with larger proportion of prior charge debts capital. It views as unstable capital structure and bearing the high interest cost financed by larger proportion of profit. Time interest earned / Interest cover Both companies experience high capital gearing ratio, but WCT is higher than Gamuda. It means WCT experiences low times interest earned and indicates it is bearing the high interest charge s in relation to its profit. 1.85 Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders Earnings per share Lastly, in market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders, WCT has a higher earnings per share compared to Gamuda. It shows that WCT has a higher business growth and higher profit earnings. In converse, lower earnings per share shows that a company experiences a low business growth and low profit earnings. Price earnings per share Besides, WCT has a lower price earnings ratio compared to Gamuda. Lower price earnings ratio shows that Gamudas earnings per share is very high which influenced the common stockholders have to take shorter period use their profit earning to recover back their share investment amount. If the earnings ratio is high, it shows that a companys earnings per share are very low and the common stockholders spend longer period use their profit earning to recover their share investment amount. Earning yield The earning yield of WCT is higher than Gamuda. If the earning yield higher than the average of indu stry, it shows that a company has high net income and very attractive to the common stockholders. However, when the earning yield is lower than average of industry, it shows that a company has low net income and not attractive to the common stockholders. Market price per book value Besides, the market price per book value of WCT is lower than Gamuda. If market price per book values is lower than the average of industry, it means the share market price decreases below its real asset value and becomes attractive to common stockholders. In converse, if the market price per book value is higher than the average of industry, it means its share market price increases over its real asset value and become not attractive to the common stockholders. 1.9 Conclusion Based on the result of 5 aspects of accounting ratio above, WCT Company has a better overall business performance than Gamuda Company. Firstly, WCT has higher BEP and ROE which shows WCT is generating higher profit regarding to its effective and efficient in using its assets and capital in the business activities. Secondly, WCT has a higher inventory turnover than Gamuda. It indicates that WCT has fast turnover, more liquid, less stocks to be accumulated, and less money to be tied up compared to Gamuda. Thirdly, total assets turnover of WCT is higher than Gamuda. WCT has higher sales generated from its business due to its effective asset usage which increases the production volume. Fourthly, WCT experiences a lower debtor ratio and day sales outstanding than Gamuda Company. WCT has shorter debtor payment period, experience less debts balance, more liquid and less money to be tied up from its debtors. Fifthly, WCT has higher earnings per share compared to Gamuda. WCT has a higher bu siness growth and higher profit earnings. Sixthly, WCT experiences lower price earning ratio compared to Gamuda. Lower price earnings ratio shows that WCTs earnings per share are very high. It enables the common stockholders have to take shorter period use their profit earning to recover back their share investment amount. Seventhly, the earning yield of WCT is higher than Gamuda. When the earning yield higher than the average of industry, it shows that a company has high net income and very attractive to the common stockholders. Lastly, the market price per book value of WCT is lower than Gamuda. When market price per book values is lower than the average of industry, it means the share market price decreases below its real asset value and becomes attractive to common stockholders. Thus, WCT is more attractive than Gamuda. On the other hand, while doing inter-firm comparison, there are several limitations in applying the ratio and trend analysis. The first limitation must select the same industry norms and compare based on the industry average. The second limitation is each firm experiences a different financial and business risk profile. It also affected by the analysis differently. The third limitation is accounting policies. Each firm applies different accounting policies. For example, in small firm, it groups its stationery in current assets. However, in large firm, it groups it into expenses. The fourth limitation is the size of the firm would experience different level of risk from its competitors, structure, and returns. The fourth limitation is the area and environment of a firm. Home-based firm and multinational firm operate differently in different countries. 2.0 Introduction What is financial market? Financial market is a mechanism where surplus funds are gathered from the people who intended to lend out their money. Furthermore, it acts like a platform where provides the opportunities for the organizations and individuals who are short of money to borrow funds. Financial markets have different categories. Each financial market deals with a different type of financial instrument of its maturity and the asset backing it. Different financial markets serve different types of customers, and operate in different parts of the country. Financial markets are different from physical asset markets. Physical asset markets also called as tangible asset markets or commodities market which deal with the physical products like gold, crude oil, real estate, and machinery. Whereas the financial markets deal with the financial instruments like shares, bonds, notes, mortgages, and so on. Besides, these 2 markets can operate as the spot market or future market. Spot marke rs can be defined as goods are being traded on the spot and delivery within several days. Conversely, the goods that are being traded in future market are for future and delivery on future date. It could be six months or a year in future. 2.1 Types of financial markets 2.11 Primary markets There are various financial markets in each country. The first type is primary markets. It is the market for corporations to raise capital by issuing new securities or shares. The corporations collect the funds by selling off the new issued stocks in the primary market transaction. 2.12 Secondary markets The second type is secondary markets. Secondary markets are the markets in which existing and already outstanding securities or other financial assets that are traded among the investors after they have been issued by the corporations. 2.13 Initial public offering market The third type is initial public offering (IPO) market. It is a market that provides the company or corporations go public by offering new securities or shares to the public for the first time. Once the corporation or company went public, it will be listed on the stock exchange. These companies or corporations are usually newly established and go public to collect capital. 2.14 Private markets The fourth type is private markets. It is a financial market where the transactions are worked out directly between 2 parties. Private markets are different from the public markets where standardized contracts are traded on organized exchanges, but private market could perform privately without going to public where the transaction may be structured in any manner that appeals to the 2 parties. Bank loans and placement of debts with insurance are the examples of the private market transaction. 2.15 Consumer credit markets The fifth type is consumer credit markets. Generally, it deals with the loans on autos and appliances, loans for education, vacations, and so on. 2.16 Mortgage markets The sixth type is mortgage markets. Mortgage markets deal with the loans for the purposes of residential, commercial, industrial real estate, and also farmland. 2.17 capital markets The seventh type is capital market. Capital markets deal with the stocks or shares, intermediate or long-term debts in which funds to be loaned and borrowed for long periods. It usually more offered in one year or more than one year. 2.18 Money market The eighth type is money market. Money market deals with short-term, highly debt securities in which funds to be loaned and borrowed for a short period which usually less than one year. 2.2 Three ways for transferring capital or fund between savers and borrowers 2.21 Direct transfer from savers to borrowers The first way is direct transfer from savers to borrowers. It usually happens when a corporation (borrower) wants to collect funds by issuing and selling new securities or bonds to the savers (money lender). In this selling process, it does not pass through any financial institution which the corporations directly deliver the securities to the savers who in return pay money to the corporation. Therefore, it is a direct flow where the funds are directly transferred from the savers to the corporations. The following diagram can fully explain the process between corporations and savers. Issue corporations securities or bonds to Corporations (Borrowers) Savers (Money lenders) Receive capital or fund from Diagram 2.21.1- Direct transfer from savers to borrowers 2.22 Indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house The second way is indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house. It normally happens when an investment bank underwrites the issuance of a corporations securities where the investment bank acts as a middleman to facilitate the issuance of corporations securities. Indeed, investment bank purchases the corporations securities and then resell it to the savers. It means the money paid by the savers in purchasing corporations securities is passed to the investment bank and to be received by the corporation (borrower). Thus, money of savers and securities of company is only passing through the investment banking house. As a result, the fund is indirectly transferred through the investment banking house from the saver (money lender) to the corporation (borrower). The below diagram can fully explain the process among the investment banking house, corporation, and saver. Investment Banking House (Middle man) ( Corporations (Borrower) Savers (Money lender) Issue corporations Resell corporations securities to securities to Receive fund from Receive fund from Diagram 2.22.1- Indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house 2.23 Indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary The third way is indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary. It usually happens when a financial intermediary like bank or a mutual fund collects the funds from the savers by issuing its own securities or certificate of deposit to the savers. After that, the financial intermediary uses the collected funds from the savers to buy and keeps the other corporations securities as its investments. It means that the money paid by the savers to purchase the securities or certificate of deposit issued by the financial intermediary. Then, the money passed to the financial intermediary, and then the financial intermediary paid the money for purchasing the other corporations securities. In fact, there are many people prefer holding the certificate of deposit and the securities issued by the financial intermediary. The reason is they are safer and more liquid than the mortgages and loans. Thus, financial intermediaries are greatly increasing the efficiency of money and capital markets. The below diagram can fully explain the process among the financial intermediary, saver, and corporation. Savers (Money lender) Corporations (Borrower) Financial Intermediary (Money lender to corporation) / (Borrower from saver) Issue corporations Issue intermediarys securities to owns securities to Receive fund from Receive fund from Diagram 2.23.1- Indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary 2.3 Types of financial intermediaries and its role Investment banking house is an organization that underwrites and distributes the new securities issued by the corporations which helps the corporation in obtaining the funds for financing. In Malaysia, examples of investment banking house are CIMB bank, Affin bank, and Maybank. Financial intermediary are the specialized financial organization that facilitate the transfer of funds from the savers to the borrowers. There are several types of financial intermediaries. 2.31 Commercial bank The first type is commercial bank. It is a traditional departmental store of finance which serves a huge population of savers and borrowers. Besides, commercial banks are the major institutions that handled checking accounts and through which Federal Reserve System increased or decreased the money supply. Furthermore, it provides stock brokerage services and insurance. 2.32 Mutual savings fund The second type is mutual savings fund. It is similar to savings and loan associations which accepts the funds from savers and lend the money for a long term basis to house buyers and consumers. 2.33 Savings and loan association The third type is savings and loan association. This organization serves individual savers, residential and commercial mortgage borrowers by collecting the funds from small savers. Then, it lends the money to house buyers and other types of borrowers. 2.34 Credit unions The fourth type is credit unions. They are cooperative associations whose members are supposed having a common bond to enable the unions collect funds from the members. Then, the unions lend the funds to other members who need funds in vehicle purchases, house improvement, and house mortgage. It is the cheapest source of funds for the individual borrowers. 2.35 Pension funds The fifth type is pension funds. It is a retirement plan funded by the corporation or government agencies for their staffs. Pension funds are administered primarily by the trust departments of commercial banks or by life insurance companies. It normally used in investing in bonds, stocks, mortgages, and real estate. 2.36 Life insurance companies The sixth type is life insurance companies. These companies collect the savings in the form of annual premiums and invest the funds in purchasing stocks, bonds, real estate, and so on. They make payments for the beneficiaries who are injured. Life insurance companies also offered a variety of tax-deferred savings plans to provide benefits to the applicants when they retire. 2.37 Mutual funds The seventh type is mutual funds. They collect the fund from savers and use it in purchasing stocks, long-term bonds, and short-term debt instruments issued by businesses or government units. They pool the funds in diversifying the investment to reduce the risk. 2.4 Conclusion After finished this question, it provides a clear picture and more understanding in financial markets and its categories. Financial market is a mechanism where surplus funds are gathered from the people who intended to lend out their money. Furthermore, it acts like a platform where provides the opportunities for the organizations and individuals who are short of money to borrow funds. Financial markets have different categories. There are primary market, secondary market, initial public offering (IPO) market, private market, consumer credit markets, mortgage market, capital market, and also money market. Besides, it also indicates 3 different ways in transferring capital or fund between savers and borrowers. The first way is direct transfer from savers to borrowers. The second way is indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house. The third way is indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary. On the other hand , it also indicated the roles of investment banking house and financial intermediaries. Financial intermediaries consist of 7 types. They are commercial banks, mutual saving funds, savings and loan association, credit unions, pension funds, life insurance companies, and also mutual funds. 2.5 Appendix