Organizational Behavior Essay

This paper result describe what atomic number 18 believed to be the important elements of organizational behavior and how these elements challenge the effectiveness of a individual(a) tribute agency. organizational sort (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. The purpose of the behavior is to build a better relationship and micturate objectives in the business. In both private tribute agencies and the criminal justice system it will establish important matter with an effective organizational behavior to cultivate their job duties correctly. The elemental objective and the goals of private security agencies were to make sure that the safety of the customers were met. This mean to satisfy the needs, wants and demands of the customer in a successful manner. The private security sectors have the elements and combine them to build a great model and be able to organize the business and operate from that mode l. Managers in private security use the details in the organizational behavior policy to help make the decisions that will affect the company.This policy will help direct the employees and their attitudes as well as the performance of those very employees. The OB will also allow the managers to better understand the best way to allocate resources for the betterment of the company. In the private security agency and through the use of the organizational behavior plan and policy communication is going to be the key in achieving the goals that are set for the company. Management needs to focus on the employees and be able to predict which employees are productive, dedicated employees and the ones that lack those qualities. Preventing adverse actions against the company and the employees from happening is the primary job and goal of the private security manager. The managers main responsibility at a private security agency is to have an meeting on the performance of the employees. This is often done through themonitoring of the behavior skills as a team and productivity. Every company will have a diversity with people they hire, as they will all come from different backgrounds and cultural values.The other issue that a company will have when dealing with diversity is a variety of views on personalities and the way that things need to be done. In most cases there will be some that will be extremely hard working and take their duties very serious, and then another may do a little as possible to simply deposit the job done or appear to be busy. The work ethics of the employees are not factors that should play a role in the environment that the employees are expected to work, and it is not unfair for the employer to expect the employee to complete the duties of the job with effectiveness and efficiency. There are challenges that a private security agency will face, and hopefully handle to the best of their ability.The direction needs to be ready to step in and be persistent and be able to work to lower the employee overthrow rate. There are also going to be some employee turnover when there is a management change because of a conflict in personalities. The coating thing that a manager wants to happen is the loss of employees due to changes in policy. As a manager one should be able to motivate the employees and have growth in job performance, satisfaction which will lead to less absenteeism, human resource issues and improve the trust between the employees and the management.ConclusionIn demonstration the behavior of the people is based on what is important to themselves. Management teams need to be observers of their employees and their behaviors, the managers are going to see things differently than the employees. The last thing that management will want to do is down play the employees feelings on any given situation. As with any company a group of employees are going to act differently in the same situation, because they are all diffe rent. The manager must be aware of the differences and develop a platform that will be the same for all employees and the situations that may transpire. The organization behavior will help managers see the employees behavior and reform them or to simply draw out them and their behavior. Organization behavior is something that should be in place in all areas of the criminal justice system as well as private security agency to have a safe work place, and behavior environment with employees and thecustomers.ReferencesManager-Solve-Practical-Problems-at-The Pervez,Organizational Behavior Retrieved from http//wikieducator.org/Organizational_BehaviorAshraf, T. (n.d) Organizational Behavior Retrieved from http//www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_14.pdfGoogle, 2013 Leadership and Organizational Behavior Retrieved from http//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadob.htmlReferencesThis is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, triple click your mouse on this l ine of text and replace the information with your acknowledgement entry. You can use the Reference and Citation Examples (Center for Writing ExcellenceTutorials and GuidesReference and Citation Examples) to help format your source information into a reference entry. The reference page eer begins on the top of the next page after the conclusion.

A silent killer

A silent killer is a illness which is hard to detect and origins injuries over time silently. Similarly a cal after parteal spur also c onlyed as wienerwurst spur is a small ostephyte or bone spur located on the calc beous blackguard bone which is a silent killer. Many a time this Calcaneal spurs are detected by a radiological examination or X-ray but often its too late. When a foot bone is exposed to constant stress, calcium gets deposited and is build up on the bottom of the tip bone. Generally, this doesnt affect a persons daily life routine.However, repeated damage can cause these deposits to pile up on ach other which then causes a spur-shaped deformity, called a calcaneal or heel spur. Flatfooted people,obeses people and women who ofttimes wear high-heeled shoes are most susceptible to heel spurs. Causes There can be some(prenominal) causes but we will see few of them. Heel spurs can form as a extend of repeated strain placed on foot muscles . Due to which ligaments a re formed abnormally stretching the band of tissue connecting the heel and the foot.Repeated injury to the membrane lines of the heel bone can also cause problems and can cause repeated pressure behind the heel. The causes can be anything it can be xcessive walk of life , running or Jumping to wearing shoes which are not comfortable or separate shoes. volleyball players and tennis players, and athletics people who do aerobics or who climbs staircase for exercise, also those with plane feet, womens who are pregnant, the obese and diabetics and those who wear tight-fitting shoes with a high heel are all prone to developing spurs more readily.Symptoms Let us see the symptoms of heel spur and try to bod out some measures. Major symptoms consist of pain in the region which is around the spur, which typically increases and goes on becoming intense after prolonged periods of rest. Patients reports heel pain to be more cracke when wakeful or doing morning walk. Patients are not able to bear the weight on the affected heel comfortably. Short distance walking, running or lifting heavy weight may make the issue stock-still worse.A heel spur is a pointed bony outgrowth of the bone of the heel . They are attributed to chronic topical anesthetic exhilaration at the insertion of soft tissue tendons in the area. Heel spurs is located at the cover version of the heel or under the heel of the foot. Heel spurs behind of the heel are frequently associated with inflammation of the tendon and many a times causes ever pain in the foot. Treatment There are many treatment options, and good results are often observed. A calcaneal spur develops when proper cope is not given of the foot and heels.It is often caused because of a repetitive stress injury, and thus few fitting in our lifestyle can be a typical and basic course of management. To decrease the power of heel spur pain, a person should begin doing foot workouts. Do exercise to make your muscles of calf stronger an d lower legs will stand by take the stress off the bone and thus help bring around or prevent heel spurs. Applying Ice to the area is an effective way to get f sever pain persist then Steroid injection can be given. The bone spur can be removed by surgery.Which is 80% effective. Wearing proper footwear is also very important. hold turmeric, ginger in your daily diet. Also regular exercise can act as a preventive measure. Conclusion thought its difficult to detect but it can be prevented and we can transcend a happy life by reducing the impact of heel spur. We can take attending by doing simple things. Choose comfortable shoes Applying acupressure techniques to specific, locations along the heel can help to reduce pain and promote healing. Thus effective care and treatment can cure heel spur.

EU-Belarus Relations

This paper will utilize 5 articles from just some the world on the question of the relations between Belarus and the europiuman Union. The purpose here is to unmask the propaganda, the unsubstantiated rumors and western-sponsored attacks on Belarus and specifically, its president, Alexander Lukashenko, wildly popular in Belarus itself. The Moscow Times (May 4, 2009), speaks of the possibility of Lukashenko boycotting the EUs summit in Prague that same week. There atomic number 18 two reasons given for this.First, that the visit strength irritate some EU members, and secondly, that part of the agenda of the meeting is to promote the economical integration of eastern Europe within a EU run framework. Both of these reasons be telling. First, the economic success of Belarus away of the system financed by the Inter provinceal Monetary Fund has menaceened the European Union and the United States. The deathless accusations of vote rigging and oppression are belied by the detail that Lukashenko is oerseeing a huge expansion of the post-Soviet saving of Belarus, and that he holds to a solid popularity rating of 80%, this after over 10 years in office.The Los Angeles Times (September 25, 2005) has said even Lukashenkos fiercest opponents dont question the accuracy of independent polls that come in him the most popular politician in this country. Yet, the major cover and agencies here do not bring reference to it at all. From the Financial Times (May 2, 2009), the Belarussian immaterial Minister, Sergei Martinov, fears that the Prague Summit would have turned into a rivalry for Belarussian support. In separate words, that the EU was using this summit to lure Belarus away from Russia.Martinov said that We are not going to make a choice between the EU and Russia. We are not going to break in relations with one at the expense of relations with the other. It seems that the fears of Lukashenko and his government are justified here. The only keen-sighted reason why the EU, whose public contempt for Lukashenko is daily made clear, would want Belarus to attend the Prague summit is so that they can take Belarus away from the protection of Russia with the aim of altering her highly successful political system.What other government would tolerate this? It seems more that the EU seeks the cooperation of Belarus, at least partially because Russian oil pipelines and a great deal refining capacity goes straight thought Belarussian territory. While the EU publically condemns Belarus for vague crimes, the Belarussian foreign transaction regime has been heaving tilted towards the EU and away from a dependence on Russia. Belarus is skillfully contend both sides, making herself indispensable for both the Russian and the European sphere of influence.The position is that, vague denunciations aside, Belarus sleek over sports a large trade and budget surplus, high economic growth rates and an unemployment rate of around 1%. These numbers are di fficult to argue with, and thence, the EUs approach has now been order more towards dialogue rather then confrontation. In April 29, 2009, the Euro-Business newspaper from Brussels came disclose with a vituperative article attacking Belarus from a Polish point of view.It relates the president of the European parliaments torment of Belarussian policies while speaking in Poland, and reminds readers that Lukashenko was under a EU imposed travel ban get up only in October. But what are the facts here. Again, the president of the rather overlythless EU parliament attacks Belarus for a lack of democracy. But Belarus has 14 independent and rather large political parties, some pro-Lukashenko, some opposed. Belarus has wads of privately owned newspapers of diverse backgrounds, including the large anti-government Charter 97 news agency.Apparently, the issue is not over democracy but Belarus strong whizz of national independence, including in terms of economic integration with the EU . Pro-Belarussian professor Matthew Johnson had this to say about the short letter in Belarus In Belarus, a country the size of Kansas, there are about 800 newspapers. Of this, about 600 are privately owned. There are about 450 magazines are various kinds. Of these, about 300 are owned by private investors or entrepreneurs. In television, there are 9 state owned stations, and about 40 stations owned by private investors (Johnson, 2006).On April 30, 2009, the Soros owned radio Free Liberty newspaper wrote that Czech President Vaclav Klaus has said he would neither shake Lukashenkos peck nor invite him to the Prague castle if he comes to the Czech capital. No reasons for this immature overreaction are given. It does strongly suggest that the EU and the US are putting quite a bit of pressure on European leading to freeze out the independent Lukashenko. His economic success and thriving democracy are a threat to the west where democracy is synonymous for integration with the west. Lukashenkos independent course and economic success outlying(prenominal) and above either Poland and Czech Republic in terms of incomes and unemployment (cf. populace Bank Report, 2009). The Russian tidings and Information Agency wrote on February 18, 2009, that The EU plans to include Belarus in its new program, Eastern Partnership, on the bod that Minsk complies with EU demands on the countrys democratization. In other words, Belarus can be a part of Europe so vast as she ceases to be an independent country and permits Brussels to restructure her domestic policy.And would swell Britain like it if Belarus defyd to ship any oil to Europe unless she pull out of Northern Ireland? This is about power, and the foreign policy independence of Belarus. Refusing to follow any western line, Belarus has strong economic and force ties with Iran, China and Vietnam, hence standing in the way of western foreign policy. This seems to have more to do with the EUs contempt for Minsk than a nything else. But often, the newspapers dealt with here refuse to deal with the major issues.First, none of the above papers ever dealt with the economic success of Belarus, even when such success is seconded by the World Bank statistics themselves. Second, they refuse to deal with Lukashenkos popularity and, lastly, refuse to deal with the long history of the CIA in attempting to destabilize that country, hence suggestion Lukashenkos paranoia about foreign manipulation. Paul Labarique writes in the Non-Aligned Press Network The Bush administrations many attempts to overthrow Alexander Lukashenko and destabilize Belarus to bring it to the North Atlantic orbit (NATO) have failed.Not exactly because the extremely authoritarian president has had the support of Russia, but because it has relied on his voters. Appreciating the countrys good economic performance and the maintenance of their independence, the Belarusian distrusted an opposition too openly submitted to Washingtons interes ts (February 18, 2005) While this is a dated reference, it does show that many are suspicious about the so-called anti-Lukashenko opposition and the CIAs long running interference in Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Georgian and Belarussian elections.But none of this is spoken of in the major media outlets in the States or the EU. The more recent articles dealt with in this paper refuse to deal with any of the major issues conglomerate with the wests irrational attacks on Lukashenko. But what are the newspapers leaving out? Apparently they are under a great amount of stress to paint Lukashenko in the most dire modify possible. But this is a problem if the major newspapers worldwide are refusing the report the truth, than what does this say?It says that, especially in more obscure parts of the world, CIA involvement can lead to distorted reporting for reasons of national security. Or it may be merely that the reporters involved do not want to be thrown out of the country club, or that , even more, the Radio Free Europe report is motivated by the fact that the Soros NGOs were thrown out of Belarus some years ago as agents of the CIA. Either way, the fact remains that newspaper reporting is highly suspect, and yet, the issues here are tremendous Russia is a nuclear gird country, and pushing Belarus too hard is, to some extent, pushing Russia.To re-create the Cold War is likely not the best idea in the world, and the fact that Belarus is reaching out to China and Venezuela suggests that an alternative trading and military bloc is being formed. The picture the newspapers paint of Lukashenko is an unrestrained tyrant. Yet that is not backed up by facts in any forum. Hence, in reading papers about the relations between Lukashenko and the EU, one must be wary of the bias of the authors. The issues that the authors are not bringing up either because they are too ignorant of the subtleties, or they are under pressure, are that first, Belarus is an economic and political success.Lukashenko enjoys wide popularity and has controlled the effects of both the breakup of the USSR and the current economic crisis. But Lukashenkos policies have been driven by state independence and the desire for a multi-polar world. This has led to threats from the west that has led further to the realignment of Belarussian politics towards anti-western centers throughout the world, including the crucial playing area of nuclear power (Kommersant, 2006). The wests policies in this respect have been failures.But it is as well clear that the media is also a major power behind the attacks on Lukashenko, often without the facts and research necessary to make sense out of the complex political situation of small states in a hostile environment. Obviously the media is misreporting the situation in Belarus. It seems to this writer that the real reason Belarus is a threat is that they are an economic successful nation outside of the integrative structures of the west and its bank s.Luskahenko has refused to permit his country to come under the control of the west, and has pursued a strategy of international equality, seeing all states as equal and as contributing to global justice. As a result he is vilified in the press, as some of the newspaper reports mentioned here show. History is in the making indeed, and it is being made by a handful of reporters and journalists in elite newspapers. References Barber, Tony. Belarus Fears Battle for regional Influence. The Financial Times. May 2, 2009. Moscow Times. Lukashenko Expected to Skip EUs Prague Summit.May 4, 2009 EU Business. European sevens Chief Calls for Democracy in Belarus. April 29, 2009. Radio Free Liberty. Belarussian President Will not Attend Prague Summit. April 30, 2009. Labareque, Paul. Belarussians symbolise their Interests. Non Aligned Press Network. February, 15, 2005 Johnson, Matthew Raphael. Belarus A New Look. The American Journal for Russian and Slavic Studies, 2006. Kommersant. Lukash enko Speaks Chinese. May 24, 2006 World Bank. Belarus. 2009. (Cf www. worldbank. org/by) for all the statistical information on the Belarussian economy.

Ethics and the Professional Code of Conduct Essay

Reasons ethics and legality are important for a police chief or county sheriff. In to mean solar days clubho engagement, it is not an easy job being a county sheriff or a police chief. The society has become all over-critical of law en evisceratement and the person on top of the chain of command has in full responsibility of all actions on him/her since there are responsible for make the important decisions as to what is chastely upright (Perez & Moore, 2012). How the police relate to the public since they need to have the confidence of the public to condition conjunction policing work. Ethics and integrity are important to a police chief since they assist him make day to day decisions in the police draw off. Some of the unethical behavior that police policemans engage include theft, over speeding, misuse of public office and excessive use of force. The set engrave of top testament help a police chief to deal with the officers who are engaged in unethical behavior withou t divergence or corruption. Ethics depart help police chief in making important decisions in the force. Assigning duties to different officers will require the chief to follow ethics and assign duties to officers according to their effect and not discriminate other officers.This will ensure there is equality in the force which will greatly contribute to the overall performance of the force. When there is integrity from the seniors other officers will follow event making the entire force more productive in performing their duties. Ethics and integrity will also help a police chief to report cases from his force with honesty to his seniors. This will ensure that he reports truthfully of all the activities of his county. This will lead to a proper relationship with the seniors and this helps in the supportive development of the force. When ethics and integrity are practiced in the force it increases the public confidence with the force which in turn improves the collaboration of t he public and police in fighting crime.Difference in the midst of ethics, integrity and morality within law enforcement. Integrity refers to the state of feeling whole and unbroken by ones actions. Its the quality of being honest and morally upright (Killinger, 2010). A police office needs to be honest in his actions and always be willing to tell the truth. He should not be touch on in activities that would ruin his integrity and in the process damage his reputation. Ethics refers to a set code of conduct. Each profession has its ethics which are generally accepted standard of what is desirable and undesirable. It is what is considered by the society to be good or bad behavior of a person or an entity. Ethics may also include a defined basis of discipline including exclusion (Bonhoeffer & Clifford, 2005). A police officer should always be ethical and not be involved in activities like excessive use of force or abuse of the public office which is unethical and would ruin the imag e of the police force to the general public. Morality on the other side refers to the ability of a person to differentiate between right and wrong.This greatly helps police officers while making decisions which are spot on. Officers need to be morally upright to ensure that in all the situations they can differentiate what is right or wrong and yield the necessary actions. Ways a police chief or county sheriff should use ethics and the code of conduct in decision making. A police is always presented with decisions in which he has to be ethical when making them. One of them is when assigning duties to other officers. He needs to assign duties to the officers according to their abilities and not to discriminate, example, assigning his friends the elemental jobs available. He is needs to be ethical when dealing with the cases which are reported. He should not discriminate if he knows the accused or if they are relatives and all the rules should apply to every criminal regardless of t he relation with him. By being ethical, the public level of confidence rises and working with the police becomes easier since there is trust between the devil (Josephson, 2009).ReferencesBonhoeffer, D., & Clifford J, J. G. (2005). Ethics.Killinger, B. (2010). Integrity Doing the Right Thing for the Right Reason.Perez, D., & Moore, J. (2012). Police Ethics.Josephson, M. (2009). Becoming an Exemplary Peace Officer The die hard to Ethical Decision Making.

Harrison Products Essay

Harrison Products Inc. (HPI) is a global manufacturer of molded plastic intersections and metal products that ar used in the auto industry, food and beverage industry (containers), and in a variety of separate products and packaging materials. HPI has several manufacturing seed down located world-wide, generally in locations convenient to the companys almost signifi burn downt customers.The present case considers one of HPIs products, a one gallon metal can container used for paint and otherwise chemical products. The product is produced in deuce U.S. locations, Los Angeles, CA, and Youngstown, OH. These shews produce several one million million of these cans each year.The competitive environment for HPI is challenging. Competitors in all parts of the world challenge HPI on cost, which is the chief(a) order-winning factor in the business. All HPI customers expect very high quality and prompt service, so disceptation on price and reliability in set uping delivery dates are c ritical to its competitive success. operational Data and StrategyHPI has focused its production of the one gallon metal cans in the two plants, in Los Angeles and Youngstown, Ohio. The summary information in Exhibit 1 shows the plant capacity, normal production, price and cost information. Currently, direction believes that production be are driven by volume managements goal is to meet competitive cost pressures by increasing volume and improving efficiency to bring costs down. For this reason, product costs are based on volume, as illustrated in Exhibit 1. The unit cost for the Los Angeles plant is $1.10, while the unit cost in the Youngstown plant is $1.00. The cost difference reflects the higher facilities cost at the Los Angeles plant, which is the newer of the two plants. The Los Angeles plant has similar equipment and manufacturing flow design to that of the Youngstown plant, but a key difference is that the Los Angeles plant was designed to be more efficient for small job (batch) sizes the equipment and plant lay-out are consistent with greater speed inprocessing smaller jobs. The decision to design the Los Angeles plant in this way reflected the smaller orders that were generally received by the Los Angeles plant. See Exhibit 2 for a sample of the some of the jobs at the two plants the exhibit shows a representative sample of 28 jobs for Los Angles and 41 jobs at the Youngstown plant, showing the measure in each job (job size) and the estimated minutes per 1,000 units for that job. The telephone number of minutes per 1,000 units is a commonly-used measure of job mental process at HPI and is called runtime. Product CostsHPI includes manufacturing costs into three main categories. First, there is materials cost that includes the metal and other materials necessary in the production of the cans. These materials are considered direct materials and are $0.40 per unit at each of HFIs plants. The second category is operating costs which include labor, su pervision, some materials used in machine precaution and repair, materials receiving and stocking, and related costs. Labor costs include runtime labor, setup labor and downtime labor. Operations costs are considered verificatory costs and the costing method used is to apply these costs to product based on units of output, as noted above. The two plants have the uniform per unit operating cost of $0.50. The third category, facilities costs, includes equipment and the plant facility. Because Los Angeles is the newer plant, these costs are higher for Los Angeles, at $0.20 per unit relative to the Youngstown plant, where the facilities cost is $0.10 per unit.Required1.Using the companys original costing system, calculate the manufacturing cost and operating margin (price less manufacturing cost) for each of the jobs in Exhibit 2, for both(prenominal) the Los Angeles and Youngstown plants. 2.Assume that 20% of operating costs are due to setup costs and that the equalizer are runti me costs. HFI is considering an activity-based entree which would apply setup costs to each job each job would be applied the same amount of setup cost. Calculate the manufacturing cost and operating margin for each of the jobs in Exhibit 2, for both the Los Angeles and Youngstown plants. 3.Assume as above that 20% of operating costs are due to setupcosts and that the remainder are runtime costs. Now, assume that HFI is considering an activity-based approach which would recognize that each setup requires time and material that is partly proportional to the size of the prior job. That is, the part of setup that involves clean-up and preparation of the machine for a new job is lengthy after a relatively long job than it is for setups that follow a relatively short job.HFI forthwith plans to apply setup costs so that one-half of the setup costs would be applied as to each job and the remainder of setup costs would be applied based on the number of units in the job. Calculate the ma nufacturing cost and operating margin for each of the jobs in Exhibit 2, for both the Los Angeles and Youngstown plants. 4.Interpret soon your findings in parts 1,2 and 3 above. Do you support the setup cost application approach in (3) above? Why or why not? What approach do you think would be favourite(a)? 5.Using analysis based on charts, correlation or regression analysis or other means, field of view (a) the relationship between runtime and job size at both plants, and (b) examine how this relationship differs between the two plants. What are the implications of these relationships, and how they differ between plants, on (a) product costing, and (b) manufacturing strategy?

Supervisory techniques

The word instruction chamberpot be defined as the process of helping persons who are funda psychically psychologically healthy or oppositewise resolve develop moral and situational issues. Supervisory techniques are essential and incorporate some advances that whitethorn non be themselves referred as steering such as creative problem solving but yield similar aim. A successful counselor has a mature and well balanced state of heading and temperament and places him/her self in the shoes of the counselee, and has the ability to respect their (counselee) opinions, thoughts, feelings and emotions.After evaluating the story as described, a in truthistic, interoperable solution can be developed individually at first if this is beneficial, and then jointly to throw out the participants to give their best efforts at orienting their relationship with each other. It must be noted that the alteration in situations like financial status, physical health, and the knead of family members and friends can build an adverse negatively charged influence on the conduct, resolutions and actions of the those counselee.The scope of counseling covers a wide and diversified field of study as it includes what unrivaled would imagine far and beyond these identified topics- miscarriage counseling, Brief therapy, Career Counseling, Christian counseling, Counseling psychology, assurance rating counseling, Cross-cultural counseling, Disaster counseling, Disciplinary counseling, Ecological counseling, Family & marriage counseling, Genetic counseling, Grief & trauma counseling, Marriage counseling, outlandish counseling, Relationship counseling , Rehabilitation counseling, Sexual trauma counseling, self-destruction intervention etc. 1.0) Pregnancy Options and Abortion counseling This provides information and support for a pregnant woman who is considering between the choices regarding the continuation of the pregnancy. The choices include move the pregnancy for parenting or a doption and pregnancy termination. In reality, qualified advisors take the information with certainty and encouragingly that helps each woman make the best decision for her. Counselors require up-to-date knowledge of local and issue laws governing womens pregnancy choices, especially concerning adolescents and their rights to make such decisions.The tie between forced spontaneous abortion and mental health is no more than associated with psychological danger than carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term. Psychological effects of abortion It was noted that adverse emotional reactions to the abortion are influenced by pre-existing psychological conditions and other negative factors and, furthermore, that well-being was separately and positively related to employment, income, and education, but negatively related to total number of children. The manikin of stress and the amount of stress women experience varies from culture to culture.Emotional distress may occur in a majority of wo men who are contemplating or have had an abortion due to a number of factors, including pre-existing mental health problems, the status of the womans relationship with her partner, poor economic status, poor social network, or conservative views held on abortion. The term post-abortion syndrome was used as it was stated that it had been observed post-traumatic stress disorder which developed in response to the stress of abortion.While some studies have shown a correlation between abortion and clinical printing, anxiety, dangerous behaviors, or adverse effects on womens sexual functions for a small number of women, these correlations may be explained by pre-existing social circumstances and emotional health and various factors, such as emotional auxiliary to the pregnancy, lack of support, and conservative views on abortion, may increase the likelihood of experiencing negative reactions. Abortion might connote a selection of women at higher risk for self-destruction because of re asons like depression.The study concluded that compared to other women in the group those who had an abortion were subsequently more likely to have mental health problems including depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors and substance use disorders. 1. 1) Career Counseling Career choices are based on matching private traits (aptitude, abilities, resources, personality) with job factors (wages and environment for success. This framework contains three sections a) Acquaintance with the necessary requirements and conditions of achievement, positive and negative effects, returns, opportunities, and prospects in incompatible areas of work.b) A true reasoning of the relations of these two groups of facts 1. 2) Christian counseling Christian counseling is carried out by a qualified counselor who upholds Christian ethics values, beliefs and philosophy. The uniting element is the therapist, who has integrated a combination of Christianity, psychology, and psychotherapy into the applied pr ogram. Counselees look at Biblical guidance and counseling as a perfect relationship with a caring counselor directed toward increased cognisance of themselves, others, the societies and cultures in which they live, and their understanding of the Christian God.The therapy may take an ad-hoc approach, focusing simply on the therapy session itself. Clients may be more comfortable with a Christian counselor, and they may feel such a persons advice is more sensitive to their personal or religious needs. Some leaf nodes also wish to use the Christian parole as a reference for their counseling sessions and therapy. 1. 3) Disciplinary counseling A disciplinary counseling is a session or a meeting between an employer and an employee or a supervisor and his/her junior employee.It may focus and put more emphasis on a specific work place scenario or in carrying out a performance appraisal. The counseling process may be scheduled, initiated and executed by the supervisor and is not considere d disciplinary. It is conducted in ultimate privacy, and is intended to have a constructive goal of providing feedback to the employee to change by reversal the problem. 1. 4) Pastoral counseling Pastoral or Biblical counseling is a branch of therapy in which ordain ministers, rabbis, priests and others provide therapy go.These include Marriage and Family Counselors. Pastoral counseling is essentially a non-licensure. Counselees often will not pay for pastoral counseling of counselors without state licensing which is often synonymous with pastoral care that include Christian Counselors, Clinical pastoral education.. 1. 5) Rehabilitation counseling This type of counseling takes interest on assisting those with disabilities to achieve their personal, biography, and main(a) living goals through a counseling process.Though educational programs have began to appear, it is not until the availability of adequate funding for rehabilitation counseling programs that the profession begun to grow and establish its own identity. 1. 6) Suicide intervention Counseling Suicide intervention is an effort to stop or prevent persons attempting or contemplating suicide from killing themselves. Individuals who utter the figure cause harm to self are routinely determined to lack the present mental efficiency to refuse interposition, and can be transported to an emergency department against their will.Medical advice pertaining people who attempt or consider suicide is that they should immediately go or be taken to the nearest emergency room, or emergency services should be called immediately by them or anyone aware of the problem. Modern medicine treats suicide as a mental health issue. According to medical practice, severe suicidal ideation, that is, serious contemplation or provision of suicide is a medical emergency and that the condition requires immediate emergency medical treatment. Those suffering from depression are considered as high-risk group for suicidal behavio r.When depression is a major factor, successful treatment of the depression usually leads to the disappearance of suicidal thoughts. However, medical treatment of depression is not always successful, and womb-to-tomb depression can contribute to recurring suicide attempts. 1. 7) Career Counseling A career was initially taken as a course of successive situations that make up a persons work life. genius can have a sporting, musical or any other without being a real professional athlete or musician, but more or less frequently career in the 20th vitamin C referenced the series of jobs or positions by which one earned ones money.Career Assessments are tests that come in a variety of forms and rely on both quantitative and qualitative methodologies and helps individuals to identify and better articulate their grotesque interests, values, and skills. These type of advisors evaluates major interests, values and skills, of the client and also help them explore career options and resear ch fine-tune and professional schools. This field is vast and includes career placement, career planning, learning strategies and student development.Typically when people come for career counseling they know exactly what they want to get out of the process, but are unsure about how it will work Career counselors work with people from all walks of life such as adolescents looking for to explore career options or with experienced professionals looking for a career change. Career advisors normally have psychology, vocational psychology, or industrial/organizational setting. The approach of career counseling varies by practitioner, but broadly speaking they include the completion of one or more assessments. 1.8 Credit counseling It is also known as debt counseling. This is a process plying education to consumers about how to avoid incurring debts that cannot be repaid. This process is really more debt counseling than a function of credit education. This type counseling involves d iscussing with lenders in ascertaining a debt circumspection plan (DMP) for a consumer. A DMP may help the debtor repay his or her debt by on the job(p) out a repayment plan with the creditor. DMPs, set up by credit counselors, usually offer reduced payments, fees and interest rates to the client.It merely gives a fresh start and an opportunity for the client to get off building a positive credit history. Criticism for credit counseling These sharp increases of credit counseling activity also created other, more serious issues in the industry and they include a) Exploitation by most credit guidance organizations are so significant which leads to critical review of the entire industry. b) Another common criticism of credit counseling is the assertion that participating in a Debt Management Plan will collapse a consumers credit.d) Severally many credit advice firms hire untrained staff to do credit counseling. References 1) Swanson, J. L. and Parcover, J. A. (1998). Annual Review Practices and Research in career counseling and development 1997. The Career Development Quarterly. 47, 2, 98-135. 2) Kim, B. S, Li, L. C. , and Lian, C. T. (2002) make of Asian American client adherence to Asian cultural values, session goal, and counselor emphasis of client expression on career counseling process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 3, 342-354.

Controversy Around Groupware Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Controversy Around Groupw atomic number 18 - look for Paper ExampleGroupware can be used to helping ideas, to solve problems, to connect with global users, to share files, and for many other purposes. It is a highly effective technology for use in project attention and problem-solving. Prior to selecting a particular software solution, a company needs to decide on its boilersuit purpose. It is necessary to be as detailed as possible as to what kind of information-sharing is required and which sight should be involved in the proposed project. One primary problem has been identifying and measuring specific performance outcomes for several(a) job categories (OConnor, 1999). Time and money can easily be wasted when the needs of the project are not clearly outlined from the beginning. Once these primary considerations are decided upon, the project manager whitethorn select the proper application and get started.The manager of a group project whitethorn be surprised to find that users are sometimes not in agreement about using groupware applications. This may be because they are used to a specific way of doing things, they are concerned that their efforts will go unrewarded, that they are afraid of a stigma associated with their candid opinions, or any number of other reasons. another(prenominal) problem which can arise from groupware is that users may find themselves sabotaging a project by veering off-topic or initiating conflicts with other users. Some groupware problems are very similar to the problems one can experience in a traditional group setting.